tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11497663686908738132024-03-27T11:21:20.019-07:00blog.sciencenaturesAdminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.comBlogger811125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-7953298151663182742024-03-06T02:52:00.000-08:002024-03-06T02:52:52.509-08:00Elon Musk’s New Light Speed Engine Defies Physics<p> <img border="0" data-original-height="261" data-original-width="500" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwAuHba_fczs2qwK-gpGhum2griTPDwUC4ntMdlYyCzm28u7wU5aLgJlxo1XeYeltOuzeFvxhw3DhErOhYkMVcCgCybkNjBhMbhqpa0iaEs6jCBbZpakK31GP1QVeDFts4ElAiymMyserOuzXWpAOjOb66EYoDGnlJdHgLPsZrEHR8Wd9Jv0mvtMbc/w640-h334/rnrn.jpg" style="border: none; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; position: relative; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle;" width="640" /></p><article style="background-color: white; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-858205337273909241" itemprop="articleBody" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 10px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; width: 782px;"><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">Elon Musk and NASA just announced their new rocket called the Light Speed Engine, which defies physics and could take us to Mars in weeks instead of months.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">They’re now testing it on their new spaceship called the Interplanetary Transport System. The following article will explain what the Speed Engine actually is, how it works, and why it could be such a game-changer in space travel!</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><b style="outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">The mission</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">To design an in-house, disruptive engine that would cut launch costs. The target: $5 million. NASA calls it a breakthrough, and Elon Musk calls it awesome. Why? Because a small team of engineers at NASA just tested what is being called a new type of rocket engine that can operate much more efficiently than anything currently on Earth. And if you’re thinking, how does one top something like that? Well…what if I told you that there are plans to make it even better? Much better.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">Basically, NASA has just successfully test-fired a new type of engine that promises to make space travel cheaper and faster. Currently, most commercial and military rockets use chemical fuels which have to be pre-made on Earth and then loaded into rocket boosters prior to launch. Not only is this expensive and extremely complex, but it also limits how much weight can be lifted off of Earth’s surface. The new experimental engine? It runs on an alternative form of fuel: electricity…the kind you plug into your wall socket. It might sound crazy at first, but when you consider that 95% of everything you do in life involves using electricity at some point (from running your vacuum cleaner to flipping on a light switch), it doesn’t seem so far-fetched anymore.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">In September, Musk and a team of scientists at NASA announced their design for a revolutionary rocket they called The Raptor. It can withstand more than 500,000 pounds of thrust and run on liquid methane rather than traditional kerosene—meaning it would produce 30 percent less carbon dioxide emissions.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">But to make its way into space, engineers first need to successfully demonstrate that it works here on Earth. I’m hopeful that we’ll be able to do short flights, sort of up-and-down flights, probably sometime in the first half of next year, Steve Jurczyk, associate administrator for NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate, told Mashable in an interview.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">But what are they building? Basically, it’s a giant super-heavy-lift launch vehicle and booster rocket combo, capable of lifting 170 metric tons into low Earth orbit. To put that in perspective, Falcon Heavy, SpaceX’s newly operational heavy-lift rocket is capable of lifting 54 metric tons. That means a single Raptor engine could potentially replace all three first-stage Merlin engines used on today’s Falcon 9 launch vehicle.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">The Raptor is also different from most traditional rockets in that it will run on liquid methane rather than kerosene—which has been used since the 1950s. Methane is cleaner and easier to produce than traditional rocket fuel, but also extremely difficult to handle. The amount of energy needed to liquefy methane means conventional rocket engines can’t use it as a propellant; they would burn up because they couldn’t contain such high pressure and heat. But SpaceX seems poised to figure out how to harness that power with Raptor. The experimental engine generates a whopping 420,000 pounds of thrust using methane as fuel and liquid oxygen (LOX) as an oxidizer, exceeding the current U.S.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">The EM Drive produces thrust by bouncing microwaves back and forth inside a closed chamber. The electromagnetic fields that result from these back-and-forths also produce an equal and opposite reaction, causing acceleration in one direction. In order to power it, you need to use solar energy or some other kind of outside energy supply, which could be another spacecraft (like a satellite) or even a ground station receiving radio waves. But so far, experiments with systems like these have been unable to create enough force to overcome drag—the slowing force created by friction between air molecules as an object moves through them—or make any meaningful changes in trajectory.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">And now, researchers working on a NASA-funded study have found that what’s supposed to be impossible actually is—at least in some cases. A team at Eagleworks Laboratories has completed tests of an electromagnetic drive (EM Drive) under conditions similar to those you might experience in deep space. And they claim that these tests confirm a thrust-to-power ratio of 1 to 4, which is greater than any of their calculations predicted for such a device and could open up new possibilities for deep space exploration. The results have yet to be confirmed by other scientists, so we won’t know if they can be reproduced until independent teams get their hands on their own EM Drives and perform their own experiments—something that should happen in 2017.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><b style="outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">Where does the power come from?</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"> The EM Drive is a controversial device. It goes against Newton’s third law, which states that everything must have an equal and opposite reaction. So, if you fire something out of a rocket ship, there will be something propelling it in another direction—even if it’s just air molecules bouncing off that thing when it leaves. The EM Drive doesn’t do that; it only produces thrust in one direction.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><b style="outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">How does it work?</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">Elon Musk is taking science fiction a step closer to reality. His company, SpaceX, says it has created a thruster system that defies physics and has successfully tested it. The rocket propulsion system uses electrically charged gas and can achieve speeds up to 65 kilometers per second, or about 135 thousand miles per hour. The engine is made from super-lightweight carbon-fiber fuel tanks with cold gas thrusters. It doesn’t use any type of propellant, meaning it does not expel any byproducts into space. Instead, as Wired explains: The engine produces thrust by accelerating superheated plasma with magnetic fields, which also means there are no fumes being expelled from combustion.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">These types of engines are known as electric thrusters, but they work very differently from those used in SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rockets. These thrusters create thrust by propelling pressurized gas, whereas electric ones produce a charged plasma that emits ions to push a craft forward. The electric engine developed by SpaceX is reportedly more powerful than conventional gridded ion thrusters and could power manned missions to Mars and beyond. It could also cut down on travel time for space-bound cargo because it requires less propellant, which can be expensive to launch into orbit. The technology is still being tested and further development is needed before it will be ready for space flight. It has been submitted for peer review, and NASA experts think it has potential – at least on paper.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><b style="outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">Can we really travel in space at such high speeds?</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">Some say it’s impossible to travel at high speeds through space, but that hasn’t stopped Elon Musk from claiming he can do it. His idea is to create a light-speed engine that will take us to Mars in just 70 days. Such an engine defies physics and would mean traveling faster than 186,000 miles per second, but why has he chosen to do it? Why did NASA choose him to fund his idea? And if Elon can pull off what he claims is possible, what could we accomplish in space? To answer these questions let’s examine how light speed engines work.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">There are a few ways that we could travel at light speed, but first, we need to understand how light works. As it travels through space, every atom in its path interacts with it. This slows it down and even stops it completely if there’s no matter around to pass through. Because of these interactions, light has a maximum velocity of 186,000 miles per second—meaning that’s as fast as it can go through empty space. Since nothing can travel faster than light without breaking physics rules, if we want to catch up with a distant star in our lifetime we have to find another way to get there besides traveling directly towards it.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><b style="outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">How far away are we from light speed?</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">The current way that we measure speed is the distance over time. In order to travel at light speed, or 186,000 miles per second, you would need to accelerate past that velocity until your speed was 186,000 MPs, then hold it there for an infinite amount of time. This velocity is referred to as c and was defined by Albert Einstein in his theory of special relativity. We haven’t yet reached what most consider to be light speed although many experiments and theories suggest that we may one day be able to approach it or even surpass it within our lifetimes.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">Until very recently, it has been generally accepted that nothing in our current state of technology could even begin to move at a velocity close to what we consider light speed. Some estimates place us thousands or even tens of thousands of years away from ever reaching it. That being said, we are often surprised by what science and technology are able to accomplish and scientists have now managed to make an engine capable of reaching a mere 10% of light speed, defying these previously held assumptions about what is possible for our technological capabilities in today’s day and age. The invention of an engine that could reach such high speeds would allow us to travel through space much more efficiently than before.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><b style="outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">The competition</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">While it will take some time to perfect, if NASA has their way, within a decade we could see much faster space travel thanks to their revolutionary Light Speed engine. Though currently there is no word on who they’ll be competing against. (NASA) The two biggest competitors in commercial space travel are SpaceX and Blue Origin; these companies are both focused on moving into orbit and beyond using new tech developed by founder Elon Musk (SpaceX) and Amazon co-founder Jeff Bezos (Blue Origin). All three companies have met with varying levels of success so far; Blue Origin just successfully tested its BE-4 rocket engine last week while SpaceX also recently launched its Falcon Heavy rocket, though that didn’t quite end as well as they’d hoped since one of its rockets fell back to Earth.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">Both SpaceX and Blue Origin have made vast leaps and bounds in space travel, with SpaceX making history a few years ago when it became one of only three private companies to ever launch a spacecraft into orbit and return it safely to Earth. In fact, earlier this year SpaceX launched its most powerful rocket yet with plans to send two tourists around the moon next year; if all goes according to plan they’ll be just two of seven private citizens ever to leave Earth’s orbit. (CNBC) All three companies are doing their best to make space travel commonplace, however, as both Blue Origin and SpaceX say they’re focused on transport rather than tourism NASA could very well be looking at sending people further afield than either company has planned for.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><b style="outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">Final Thoughts</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">Musk’s engine represents a huge leap in mankind’s capability to traverse space and a massive point of progress for humanity. The technology could revolutionize our ability to travel among other planets, explore deeper parts of our solar system and even leave our galaxy. If successful, Elon Musk will go down in history as not only one of Silicon Valley’s most popular figures but also as a giant among scientists and engineers alike. This is definitely an exciting time to be alive!</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">But, what exactly is it? How does it work? To get answers to these questions and more, here are a few important things to know about Elon Musk’s engine: what it is, how it works, and why it’s been so hard for others to achieve before now. The technology behind hyper-speed travel has existed for quite some time but had always seemed something of a pipe dream. In order to travel faster than light—something scientists refer to as superluminal speed—you need a way to dramatically increase an object’s velocity through space.</p><p style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">Though physicists have known for years that you can only travel faster than light using a wormhole or warp drive, neither of these has ever been achieved by humans. Even with top minds across multiple fields focused on the issue, our most advanced technology still couldn’t achieve those speeds. We knew what we needed but just couldn’t figure out how to make it work. But, now we might have a way to get there. The ramifications of Musk’s new engine could be huge not only for space exploration but also here on Earth as well.</p></div></article>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-83000785467422503322024-03-06T02:49:00.000-08:002024-03-06T02:49:40.527-08:00Mystery of Apollo 13 Mission: Lost in Space<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkDxbLMdz09VOptQ1uOueCqFI9hE6lh0rmJz63sBEoYcHpyb0Fgh_12Xv1hGPcP2wBR41-BTNGF0ORJP3dM5XmNAE_3DO62IeZLlBBTxhVGmUPmM5VEz_Gd3kGMbEPLz84kMxlEwTnj5KFzLgFkFRQzpkv4Stnd9Rymz7yCb4wMi1MmjRrF_Fcr7eVQvzo/s640/sddefault.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkDxbLMdz09VOptQ1uOueCqFI9hE6lh0rmJz63sBEoYcHpyb0Fgh_12Xv1hGPcP2wBR41-BTNGF0ORJP3dM5XmNAE_3DO62IeZLlBBTxhVGmUPmM5VEz_Gd3kGMbEPLz84kMxlEwTnj5KFzLgFkFRQzpkv4Stnd9Rymz7yCb4wMi1MmjRrF_Fcr7eVQvzo/w640-h480/sddefault.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmtSAG_ZmMi67A8w6JtJQdqSLdI3KK69ix1TLZC0ZkaA_C0rmG6GtJzu5YBtxbsfjXXnQktnI-218W2Hg9gb2B1CHWr3UNKiEg2TSJFZpxsufWPuL_-aeIqqFIL1v2ERtNHaeMe54m0X3FuFcd8KSEE-l5qh_rkOmK_zLmDgAy3f_nilYiNgXjTG2Y-KFE/s640/sddefault%20(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmtSAG_ZmMi67A8w6JtJQdqSLdI3KK69ix1TLZC0ZkaA_C0rmG6GtJzu5YBtxbsfjXXnQktnI-218W2Hg9gb2B1CHWr3UNKiEg2TSJFZpxsufWPuL_-aeIqqFIL1v2ERtNHaeMe54m0X3FuFcd8KSEE-l5qh_rkOmK_zLmDgAy3f_nilYiNgXjTG2Y-KFE/w640-h480/sddefault%20(1).jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.The Apollo 13 mission is etched in history as one of NASA's most daring and harrowing space voyages. Launched on April 11, 1970, with the ambitious goal of landing astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr., and Fred W. Haise Jr. on the moon, the mission took an unexpected turn that captured the world's attention. While the mission is widely known for its "successful failure" in bringing the crew back safely, there exists a lesser-known aspect that continues to pique the curiosity of space enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike – the mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts in space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Apollo 13 mission was intended to be the third lunar landing, following the successful Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. However, two days into the journey, an oxygen tank explosion rocked the spacecraft, jeopardizing the lives of the astronauts and forcing the mission to be aborted. The crew's resourcefulness, along with ground control's ingenuity, managed to navigate the spacecraft around the moon and back towards Earth, ultimately leading to their safe return on April 17, 1970.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">But what if there's more to this story? Conspiracy theories suggest that during the chaos of the mission, not all information was disclosed to the public. Some theorists propose that there might have been undisclosed objects or artifacts onboard Apollo 13 – objects with potential historical and even extraterrestrial significance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One prevailing theory speculates that the mission was carrying classified materials or experimental equipment that went missing in space due to the explosion. Proponents of this theory point to the unusually high level of secrecy surrounding certain aspects of the Apollo 13 mission, suggesting that the explosion might have been a convenient cover for the mission's true objectives. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this claim, and NASA has consistently maintained that the mission's primary goal was a lunar landing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another enigmatic angle revolves around the concept of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some theorists suggest that the explosion might have been triggered by the interception of the spacecraft by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a cover-up by NASA and the government. While this theory caters to the fascination with UFOs and the unknown, it also lacks substantial proof and is largely based on speculation.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, amateur astronomers and space enthusiasts have launched initiatives to search for any potential remnants or artifacts from the Apollo 13 mission that might have drifted into deep space. These efforts involve using advanced telescopes and technology to scan areas where the spacecraft's debris could have ended up. While these initiatives have not yet yielded any definitive results, they reflect the enduring intrigue surrounding the mission.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Apollo 13's lost artifacts continues to captivate the imagination of those intrigued by space exploration, historical secrets, and the unknown. While evidence for these theories remains scant, the allure of the unknown and the possibility of hidden truths ensure that the story of Apollo 13 will continue to spark curiosity for generations to come. As technology advances and new space missions unfold, perhaps one day we will uncover the secrets that might still be adrift in the void of space.</span></p>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-66259527806592577322024-03-05T23:18:00.000-08:002024-03-05T23:18:51.164-08:00Quantum Theory Proves That Consciousness Moves To Another Universe After Death<p> <img border="0" data-original-height="281" data-original-width="540" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPjjKHZZGo8K3IOxz5Bymjy2t_rgZbxye6r89klTaBUOFzvwswv_eoiQf7cdEMuwrypIW2hVARv7ESb-5oe1vvx3EerLdYhCNgaRuGZSMUUMqjdIh4DNRuKEHZTFpR3lnb3AHsQekw_pk/s640/dcc.jpg" style="border: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle;" width="640" /></p><div style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">A book titled “Biocentrism: How Life and Consciousness Are the Keys to Understanding the Nature of the Universe” has stirred up the Internet because it contained a notion that life does not end when the body dies, and it can last forever. The author of this publication, scientist Dr. Robert Lanza who was voted the 3rd most important scientist alive by the NY Times, has no doubts that this is possible.</span></strong></div><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 30px; margin: 27px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: small;">Beyond time and space</span></strong></h3><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Lanza is an expert in regenerative medicine and scientific director of Advanced Cell Technology Company. Before he has been known for his extensive research which dealt with stem cells, he was also famous for several successful experiments on cloning endangered animal species. But not so long ago, the scientist became involved with physics, quantum mechanics and astrophysics. This explosive mixture has given birth to the new theory of biocentrism, which the professor has been preaching ever since. Biocentrism teaches that life and consciousness are fundamental to the universe. It is consciousness that creates the material universe, not the other way around.</span></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; float: none; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; margin: 10px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Lanza points to the structure of the universe itself, and that the laws, forces, and constants of the universe appear to be fine-tuned for life, implying intelligence existed prior to matter. He also claims that space and time are not objects or things, but rather tools of our animal understanding. Lanza says that we carry space and time around with us “like turtles with shells.” meaning that when the shell comes off (space and time), we still exist.</span></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The theory implies that the death of consciousness simply does not exist. It only exists as a thought because people identify themselves with their bodies. They believe that the body is going to perish, sooner or later, thinking their consciousness will disappear too. If the body generates consciousness, then consciousness dies when the body dies. But if the body receives consciousness in the same way that a cable box receives satellite signals, then of course consciousness does not end at the death of the physical vehicle. In fact, consciousness exists outside of constraints of time and space. It is able to be anywhere: in the human body and outside of it. In other words, it is non-local in the same sense that quantum objects are non-local.</span></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Lanza also believes that multiple universes can exist simultaneously. In one universe, the body can be dead. And in another it continues to exist, absorbing consciousness which migrated into this universe. This means that a dead person while traveling through the same tunnel ends up not in hell or in heaven, but in a similar world he or she once inhabited, but this time alive. And so on, infinitely. It’s almost like a cosmic Russian doll afterlife effect.</span></div></div><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 30px; margin: 27px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: small;">Multiple worlds</span></strong></h3><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">This hope-instilling, but extremely controversial theory by Lanza has many unwitting supporters, not just mere mortals who want to live forever, but also some well-known scientists. These are the physicists and astrophysicists who tend to agree with the existence of parallel worlds and who suggest the possibility of multiple universes. Multiverse (multi-universe) is a so-called scientific concept, which they defend. They believe that no physical laws exist which would prohibit the existence of parallel worlds.</span></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The first one was a science fiction writer H.G. Wells who proclaimed in 1895 in his story “The Door in the Wall”. And after 62 years, this idea was developed by Dr. Hugh Everett in his graduate thesis at the Princeton University. It basically posits that at any given moment the universe divides into countless similar instances. And the next moment, these “newborn” universes split in a similar fashion. In some of these worlds, you may be present: reading this article in one universe or watching TV in another.</span></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The triggering factor for these multiplying worlds is our actions, explained Everett. If we make some choices, instantly one universe splits into two with different versions of outcomes.</span></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In the 1980s, Andrei Linde, a scientist from the Lebedev’s Institute of physics, developed the theory of multiple universes. He is now a professor at Stanford University. Linde explained: Space consists of many inflating spheres, which give rise to similar spheres, and those, in turn, produce spheres in even greater numbers, and so on to infinity. In the universe, they are spaced apart. They are not aware of each other’s existence. But they represent parts of the same physical universe.</span></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The fact that our universe is not alone is supported by data received from the Planck space telescope. Using the data, scientists have created the most accurate map of the microwave background, the so-called cosmic relic background radiation, which has remained since the inception of our universe. They also found that the universe has a lot of dark recesses represented by some holes and extensive gaps.</span></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Theoretical physicist Laura Mersini-Houghton from the North Carolina University with her colleagues argues: the anomalies of the microwave background exist due to the fact that our universe is influenced by other universes existing nearby. And holes and gaps are a direct result of attacks on us by neighboring universes.</span></div></div><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 30px; margin: 27px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: small;">Soul</span></strong></h3><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">So, there is an abundance of places or other universes where our soul could migrate after death, according to the theory of neo-biocentrism. But does the soul exist? Is there any scientific theory of consciousness that could accommodate such a claim? According to Dr. Stuart Hameroff, a near-death experience happens when the quantum information that inhabits the nervous system leaves the body and dissipates into the universe. Contrary to materialistic accounts of consciousness, Dr. Hameroff offers an alternative explanation of consciousness that can perhaps appeal to both the rational scientific mind and personal intuitions.</span></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Consciousness resides, according to Stuart and British physicist Sir Roger Penrose, in the microtubules of the brain cells, which are the primary sites of quantum processing. Upon death, this information is released from your body, meaning that your consciousness goes with it. They have argued that our experience of consciousness is the result of quantum gravity effects in these microtubules, a theory which they dubbed orchestrated objective reduction (Orch-OR).</span></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Consciousness or at least proto-consciousness is theorized by them to be a fundamental property of the universe, present even at the first moment of the universe during the Big Bang. “In one such scheme proto-conscious experience is a basic property of physical reality accessible to a quantum process associated with brain activity.”</span></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Our souls are in fact constructed from the very fabric of the universe – and may have existed since the beginning of time. Our brains are just receivers and amplifiers for the proto-consciousness that is intrinsic to the fabric of space-time. So is there really a part of your consciousness that is non-material and will live on after the death of your physical body?</span></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Dr. Hameroff told the Science Channel’s Through the Wormhole documentary: “Let’s say the heart stops beating, the blood stops flowing, the microtubules lose their quantum state. The quantum information within the microtubules is not destroyed, it can’t be destroyed, it just distributes and dissipates to the universe at large”. Robert Lanza would add here that not only does it exist in the universe, it exists perhaps in another universe.</span></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">If the patient is resuscitated, revived, this quantum information can go back into the microtubules and the patient says “I had a near-death experience”</span></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">He adds: “If they’re not revived, and the patient dies, it’s possible that this quantum information can exist outside the body, perhaps indefinitely, as a soul.”</span></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><div style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span style="font-size: medium;">This account of quantum consciousness explains things like near-death experiences, astral projection, out-of-body experiences, and even reincarnation without needing to appeal to religious ideology. The energy of your consciousness potentially gets recycled back into a different body at some point, and in the meantime, it exists outside of the physical body on some other level of reality, and possibly in another universe</span></div></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-69231250171393443892024-01-22T10:23:00.000-08:002024-01-22T10:23:29.368-08:00There's a Solar Eclipse Crossing The US in 2024 That Will Blow Your Mind<p> </p><div class="w-full h-auto featured-image" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; width: 642px;"><img alt="annular solar eclipse" class="w-full h-auto lg:object-cover wp-post-image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" height="260" loading="eager" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw,
(min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw,
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(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) 33.33vw,
(min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw,
(min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/01/017_solar_eclipse_corona-642x260.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/01/017_solar_eclipse_corona-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/01/017_solar_eclipse_corona-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/01/017_solar_eclipse_corona-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/01/017_solar_eclipse_corona.jpg 1024w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; max-width: 100%; min-height: 243px; object-fit: cover; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><span class="img-caption w-full border-b border-gray-200 text-left font-normal text-gray-500 block py-0.5" color="rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity))" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; line-height: 18px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;"><span class="ccfic-text" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">2017 solar eclipse as seen from Wyoming, US.</span> <span class="ccfic-source" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">(john finney photography/Getty Images)</span></span></div><div class="entry-content pt-4" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; padding-top: 1rem;"><div class="post-content" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Millions of people will be able to don protective glasses and view a spectacular total solar eclipse on April 8, 2024, starting around 1 pm CT.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">If this sounds familiar, it's because in 2017, a 70-mile-wide band of the US saw a total solar eclipse, while many other areas saw a partial eclipse. People drove across states and gathered near planetariums just to see those fleeting minutes when, in the middle of the day, the sky went dark.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">But the total eclipse coming in April will be even cooler, excited NASA scientists told reporters at an American Geophysical Union meeting.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"Those of us who've seen eclipses know that you want to see your next one," Kelly Korreck, NASA's program manager for the 2024 solar eclipse, said during a <a cmp-ltrk-idx="3" cmp-ltrk="Article links" data-analytics-post-depth="40" data-analytics-product-module="body_link" data-mrf-link="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xrjy_q1AYo" data-uri="3c2fa2c3883a7736fbe88b9fdfb51e31" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xrjy_q1AYo" mrfobservableid="289a99a6-2359-4266-a214-9f3a93391547" rel="nofollow noopener" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; text-decoration: inherit;" target="_blank">roundtable</a> at the meeting.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">She added that having one in such recent memory likely has many people excited for this year's.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">While total solar eclipses aren't exactly rare, there are a few circumstances around this upcoming event that make it unique, from its path across the US to an abundance of solar activity to a plethora of scientific projects that NASA and others have planned for the few minutes when the Moon will seem to cover the Sun.</p><h2 style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 31px; line-height: 33px; margin: 1rem 0px 0.75rem;">Over 30 million people will be able to see the total solar eclipse</h2><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">There are three types of solar eclipses:</p><ol style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: my-awesome-counter 0; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; padding: 0px;"><li style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: my-awesome-counter 1; line-height: 27px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding-left: 1.75rem; position: relative;">an annular eclipse appears as a bright ring around the Moon</li><li style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: my-awesome-counter 1; line-height: 27px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding-left: 1.75rem; position: relative;">a partial eclipse only partly blocks the Sun</li><li style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: my-awesome-counter 1; line-height: 27px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding-left: 1.75rem; position: relative;">in a total eclipse, the Moon seems to cover the Sun entirely</li></ol><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">In 2017, the continental US had its first coast-to-coast total eclipse since 1918. Portions of 14 states were in the path, but populated cities like Atlanta and Charlotte, North Carolina, were not.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">This year, more people will be able to see the eclipse without having to travel.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">The path spreads from Mexico to northeastern Canada.</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-117301" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_117301" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 642px;"><img alt="map of us showing path of solar eclipses" class="wp-image-117301 size-full" decoding="async" height="321" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/01/solar_eclipse_2024_US.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/01/solar_eclipse_2024_US.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/01/solar_eclipse_2024_US-600x300.jpg 600w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-117301" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">A map showing where the moon's shadow will cross the US during the 2023 annular solar eclipse (in yellow on the left) and 2024 total solar eclipse (in purple on the right). (NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio)</figcaption></figure><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"This is going to be the most populated eclipse in the US, with 31.5 million people able to just walk outside of their homes and experience this event," Korreck said.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Dallas, Cleveland, and Indianapolis are all positioned for prime total eclipse viewing.</p><h2 style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 31px; line-height: 33px; margin: 1rem 0px 0.75rem;">The eclipse will last slightly longer than the last one did</h2><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Depending on your location, you'll have about 3 to 4 minutes to watch the Moon blot out the Sun.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">That peak of the eclipse, called totality, will last slightly longer than the one in 2017 did, Korreck said.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">US residents who miss this year's eclipse will have to wait another couple of decades for a similar event. The next total solar eclipses visible in the contiguous US will be in 2044 and 2045, but neither will cut through Cleveland or Indianapolis.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"You're not going to get another eclipse for quite a while," Korreck said.</p><h2 style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 31px; line-height: 33px; margin: 1rem 0px 0.75rem;">An active sun should make for incredible viewing</h2><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">In 2017, the Sun was fairly quiet during the eclipse. As it approaches its solar maximum, it's been spitting out solar flares.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Korreck hopes to see a coronal mass ejection during the eclipse. CMEs are high-speed blobs of plasma that erupt out of the sun's corona, or outer layer.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"You would see that kind inky mass just leave the Sun at that point in time," Korreck said. "So it would be pretty spectacular."</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">If that happens, Korreck said there should be increased aurora borealis activity a few days later. Even if there's no CME, the images could be more dynamic than in 2017, with more whisp-like prominences radiating from the Sun.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"It should be a very complex-looking Sun," Korreck said.</p><h2 style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 31px; line-height: 33px; margin: 1rem 0px 0.75rem;">Balloons, rockets, and citizen scientists will be tracking the eclipse</h2><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">There's a reason solar eclipses are a big deal in the scientific community. "They provide you with the opportunity to do experiments that you cannot do otherwise," Nour E. Raouafi, an astrophysicist with Johns Hopkins University, said during the roundtable.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">An eclipse in 1919 <a cmp-ltrk-idx="14" cmp-ltrk="Article links" data-analytics-post-depth="100" data-analytics-product-module="body_link" data-mrf-link="https://eclipse2017.nasa.gov/testing-general-relativity" data-uri="f96555abe954aa6ba93bf01e84ab2411" href="https://eclipse2017.nasa.gov/testing-general-relativity" mrfobservableid="bc8048f9-688b-4987-8603-fbcb91a702e9" rel="noopener" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; text-decoration: inherit;" target="_blank">proved</a> Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, he said.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">This will probably be the most observed total solar eclipse in history.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">That's because NASA and other institutions will be using radar, balloons, spacecraft, and jets to perform experiments and gather data during the eclipse. NASA is interested in tracking changes to density, wind speed, and temperatures at the ionosphere – part of the Earth's upper atmosphere – during the event.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Unlike the 2017 eclipse, there are now two Sun-scrutinizing spacecraft circling our star. It's an opportunity NASA has never had before – to monitor the Sun up close, from two different space observatories, while instruments here on Earth study the eclipse.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">That should give scientists more comprehensive eclipse data than they've ever had.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">There are tons of citizen scientist projects taking place, too. NASA is hoping people will use their Ham radios, telescopes, cameras, and phones to record images, sounds, and observations during the eclipse.</p></div></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-58046667803056482442024-01-22T10:22:00.000-08:002024-01-22T10:22:22.749-08:00What if Life on Earth Began When Interstellar Objects Crashed Here?<p> </p><p><img alt="Painting of a thick, plate-like asteroid with craters on it" class="w-full h-auto lg:object-cover wp-post-image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" height="260" loading="eager" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw,
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--tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; width: 642px;"><span class="img-caption w-full border-b border-gray-200 text-left font-normal text-gray-500 block py-0.5" color="rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity))" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; line-height: 18px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;"><span class="ccfic-text" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Artist’s Concept of ‘Oumuamua.</span> <span class="ccfic-source" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">(William Hartmann)</span></span></div><div class="entry-content pt-4" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; padding-top: 1rem;"><div class="post-content" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">On October 19th, 2017, astronomers with the Pan-STARRS survey detected an interstellar object (ISO) passing through our Solar System for the first time. The object, known as 1I/2017 U1 Oumuamua, stimulated significant scientific debate and is still controversial today.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">One thing that all could agree on was that the detection of this object indicated that ISOs regularly enter our Solar System. What's more, subsequent research has revealed that, on occasion, some of these objects come to Earth as meteorites and impact the surface.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">This raises a very important question: if ISOs have been coming to Earth for billions of years, could it be that they brought the ingredients for life with them?</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">In a recent paper, a team of researchers considered the implications of ISOs being responsible for panspermia – the theory that the seeds of life exist throughout the Universe and are distributed by asteroids, comets, and other celestial objects.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">According to their results, ISOs can potentially seed hundreds of thousands (or possibly billions) of Earth-like planets throughout the Milky Way.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">The team was led by David Cao, a senior student at Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology (TJSST). He was joined by Peter Plavchan, an associate professor of physics and astronomy at George Mason University (GMU) and the Director of the Mason Observatories, and Michael Summers, a professor of astrophysics and planetary science at GMU.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Their paper, "The Implications of 'Oumuamua on Panspermia," recently appeared online and is being reviewed for publication by the American Astronomical Society (AAS).</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">To briefly summarize, panspermia is the theory that life was introduced to Earth by objects from the interstellar medium (ISM). According to this theory, this life took the form of extremophile bacteria capable of surviving the harsh conditions of space.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Through this process, life is distributed throughout the cosmos as objects pass through the ISM until they reach and impact potentially habitable planets. This makes panspermia substantially different from competing theories of how life on Earth began (aka. abiogenesis), the most widely accepted of which is the RNA World Hypothesis.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">This hypothesis states that RNA preceded DNA and proteins in evolution, eventually leading to the first life on Earth (i.e., which arose indigenously).</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">But as Cao told Universe Today via email, panspermia is difficult to assess:</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"Panspermia is difficult to assess because it requires so many different factors that need to be incorporated, many of which are unconstrained and unknown. For instance, we must consider the physics behind panspermia (how many objects collided with Earth prior to the earliest fossilized evidence for life?), biological factors (can extremophiles endure supernova gamma radiation?), and so on.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"In addition to each of these factors are questions we do not have answers to yet, or we cannot model effectively, for example, the number of extremophiles that actually reach the Earth even if a life-bearing object collided with Earth, and the probability that life can actually start from the foreign extremophiles. The collection of these factors, along with many more, such as the changing star formation rate and the recent detection of several rogue free-floating planets, makes panspermia difficult to assess, and therefore, our understanding of the plausibility of panspermia is constantly changing."</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-117061" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_117061" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 700px;"><img alt="Artist's impression of the interstellar object, `Oumuamua, experiencing outgassing as it leaves our Solar System" class="wp-image-117061 size-full" decoding="async" height="510" loading="lazy" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/01/eso1820a1-e1705536003243.jpg" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="700" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-117061" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">Artist's impression of the interstellar object, `Oumuamua, experiencing outgassing as it leaves our Solar System. (ESA/Hubble, NASA, ESO, M. Kornmesser)</figcaption></figure><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">The detection of 'Oumuamua in 2017 constituted a major turning point for astronomy, as it was the first time an ISO was observed.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">The fact that it was detected at all indicated that such objects were statistically significant in the Universe and that ISOs likely passed through the Solar System regularly (some of which are likely to be here still).</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Two years later, a second ISO was detected entering the Solar System (2I/Borisov), except there was no mystery about its nature this time. As it neared our Sun, 2I/Borisov formed a tail, indicating it was a comet.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Subsequent research has shown that some of these objects become meteorites that impact on Earth's surface, and a few have even been identified. This includes CNEOS 2014-01-08, a meteor that crashed into the Pacific Ocean in 2014 (and was the subject of study by the Galileo Project).</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">As Cao explained, the detection of these interstellar visitors also has implications for panspermia and the ongoing debate about the origins of life on Earth:</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"Oumuamua serves as a novel data point for panspermia models, as we can use its physical properties, particularly its mass, size (spherical radius), and implied ISM number density, to model the number density and mass density of objects in the interstellar medium. These models allow us to estimate the flux density and mass flux of objects in the interstellar medium and, with these models, we can approximate the total number of objects that impacted Earth over 0.8 billion years (which is the hypothesized period of time between Earth's formation and the earliest evidence for life).</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"Knowing the total number of collision events on Earth over that 0.8 billion-year period is vital for panspermia, as a greater number of collision events with interstellar objects over that period would imply a higher probability for panspermia.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"In short, the physical properties of the interstellar 'Oumuamua allow for the creation of mathematical models that determine the plausibility of panspermia."</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">In addition to the mathematical models that consider the physics behind panspermia – i.e., number density, mass density, total impact events, etc. – Cao and his colleagues applied a biological model that describes the minimum object size needed to shield extremophiles from astrophysical events (supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, large asteroid impacts, passing-by stars, etc.).</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">As addressed in a previous article, recent research has shown that cosmic rays erode all but the largest ISOs before they reach another system.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">These additional considerations ultimately affect the number of objects that will impact Earth (that were not sterilized by astrophysical sources) and the plausibility of panspermia.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"In order to derive the minimum object size, we applied various models, for instance, the sphere packing method to give a rough estimate of an ejecta's distance to the nearest supernova progenitor (using Orion A, a dense star cluster, as our model), the gamma radiation that reaches that ejecta, and the attenuation coefficient (how much radiation the ejecta absorbs) based on the most probable chemical composition of ejecta (water ice)," said Cao.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Based on their combined physical and biological models, the team derived estimates for the number of ejecta that struck Earth before life emerged. According to the oldest fossilized evidence found in western Australia (from rocks dating to the Archaean Eon), the earliest life forms emerged ca. 3.5 billion years ago. Said Cao:</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"We conclude that the maximum probability that panspermia sparked life on Earth is on the order of magnitude of 10-5, or 0.001 percent. Although this probability appears low, under the most optimistic conditions, potentially 4×109 total habitable zone exoplanets exist in our Galaxy, which could indicate a total of 104 habitable worlds harboring life.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"Additionally, we restricted our analysis to the first 0.8 billion years of Earth's history prior to the earliest fossilized evidence for life, but because life can be seeded at any point in a planet's lifetime, and planets have significantly longer habitable lifespans (up to 5-10 billion years), we boosted our estimate for the total number of habitable worlds harboring life in our Galaxy by one order of magnitude."</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">From this, Cao and his colleagues obtained a final result of about 105 habitable planets that could harbor life in our galaxy. However, these estimates are based on the most optimistic projections regarding planetary habitability.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">In other words, it assumes that all Earth-sized rocky planets orbiting within habitable zones are capable of supporting life, meaning they have thick atmospheres, magnetic fields, liquid water on their surfaces, and all life-bearing ejecta that survive entering our atmosphere are capable of depositing microbes on the surface.</p><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9 youtube-iframe relative" style="--tw-aspect-h: 9; --tw-aspect-w: 16; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; padding-bottom: calc(var(--tw-aspect-h)/var(--tw-aspect-w)*100%); position: relative;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/sC0SJv-A0CI?feature=oembed" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: currentcolor; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 361.125px; inset: 0px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;"></iframe></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">As Cao summarized, their results do not prove panspermia or settle the debate on the origins of life here on Earth. Nevertheless, they provide valuable insight and constraints on the possibility that life came here via objects like 'Oumuamua.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">No matter what, these findings are likely to have significant implications for astrobiology, which is becoming an increasingly diverse field:</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"We incorporate physics, biology, and chemistry into studying panspermia as the origin of life, and it is rare to have such a diverse range of topics in one research area. I think that astrobiology is trending toward becoming more interdisciplinary, which I believe is a positive trend because it would allow experts of all backgrounds to advance astrobiology.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"Our research may contribute to this trend. In terms of our findings on panspermia, the probability that panspermia sparked life on Earth is unlikely, but the number of habitable zone planets harboring life in our Galaxy is substantially larger.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"Future astrobiology studies may use these findings to build on our research on panspermia. However, we do not incorporate or even know all factors that may affect the plausibility of panspermia.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"I believe our findings open up new lines of inquiry for future panspermia studies to build off of by updating our models or incorporating additional factors.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"One potential area of study if we do find evidence for life on other worlds in the future, whether in our Solar System or via biosignatures in exoplanet atmospheres, is to consider experimental and observational tests to distinguish between life that arrived by the panspermia mechanism or life that evolved and arose independently."</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">This article was originally published by Universe Today. Read the original article.</span></p></div></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-88713163327083606852023-10-16T10:31:00.004-07:002023-10-16T10:31:43.379-07:00Mysterious 'Singing' Plasma Waves Detected Around Mercury<img alt="" class="w-full h-auto lg:object-cover wp-post-image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" height="260" loading="eager" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw,
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(min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw,
(min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/mercury-chorus-waves-642x260.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/mercury-chorus-waves-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/mercury-chorus-waves-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/mercury-chorus-waves-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/mercury-chorus-waves.jpg 1024w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 243px; object-fit: cover; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><p><span class="ccfic-text" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 18px;">Artist's impression of localized chorus waves at Mercury.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px;"> </span><span class="ccfic-source" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 18px;"><a href="https://www.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/latest-research/130233" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit;" target="_blank">(NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington)</a></span> </p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px;">Around planets that have a magnetosphere, something magical happens.</span></p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">If you listen with the right instruments, you can hear chirping and whistling, almost like the singing of birds at dawn and dusk. These so-called chorus waves have been recorded at Earth, and Jupiter, and Saturn; and observed at Uranus and Neptune.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Now, led by astronomer Mitsunori Ozaki of Kanazawa University, scientists from Japan and France have detected them whistling around Mercury, barren and alone as it skirts the Sun.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-2 Purch_Y_C_0_2-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">This is interesting, because those other planets have a few things that Mercury does not: thick, lush atmospheres, and permanent radiation belts where solar particles become trapped in a planet's magnetic field.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-3 Purch_Y_C_0_3-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Scientists say it's a discovery that could shed some light on the magnetic environment around Mercury, and how planetary magnetic fields in general are shaped by the solar wind.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-4 Purch_Y_C_0_4-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Mercury doesn't have much of a magnetic field. It's a fairly bare chunk of rock, with a practically nonexistent atmosphere, too close to the Sun for comfort. It's constantly buffeted by radiation and the solar wind, too.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-5 Purch_Y_C_0_5-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">But this spare, excoriated world is harboring secrets, oh yes. Just this year, scientists finally discovered that Mercury, even with its pitiful magnetic field and atmosphere, has auroras, of its own strange kind.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-6 Purch_Y_C_0_6-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Long before that discovery, though, scientists thought that Mercury might have chorus waves. These occur when energetic electrons become trapped in a planet's magnetosphere, spiraling along the magnetic field lines, and generating waves in the plasma.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-7 Purch_Y_C_0_7-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">These waves can be recorded and converted into sounds that vary depending on how and where the electrons are moving. You can hear, for example, whistler-mode waves recorded at Earth in the video below.</p><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9 youtube-iframe relative" style="--tw-aspect-h: 9; --tw-aspect-w: 16; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; padding-bottom: calc(var(--tw-aspect-h)/var(--tw-aspect-w)*100%); position: relative;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lZ5ZvVZ4jWk?feature=oembed" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: currentcolor; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 361.125px; inset: 0px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;"></iframe></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Mercury exploration has been sporadic and sparse, which means our understanding of its space environment is patchy. We've known about its magnetic field since Mariner 10 took observations in the 1970s.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-8 Purch_Y_C_0_8-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">But scientists are seeking to make up for the lack. And part of the Mercury BepiColombo mission, launched in 2018, is an instrument called MIO dedicated to studying the Mercurian magnetosphere.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-9 Purch_Y_C_0_9-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">That instrument is not quite in orbit yet; the gravity of the Sun makes orbital insertion tricky. But the spacecraft has conducted flybys of Mercury in 2021 and 2022 that recorded observations of Mercury's magnetic field.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-10 Purch_Y_C_0_10-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">And there, in the data collected by MIO, the researchers found clear evidence of whistler-mode waves in the magnetosphere of Mercury. But, because it's Mercury, there was something strange about them: they only appeared in a small part of Mercury's magnetosphere, in a wedge known as the dawn sector.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-11 Purch_Y_C_0_11-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">This suggested that there is some physical mechanism either promoting chorus waves in that region, or suppressing them everywhere else. The team conducted modeling and simulations, and determined that the transfer of energy from electrons to electromagnetic waves is more efficient in the dawn sector, leading to the generation of the whistles.</p><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9 youtube-iframe relative" style="--tw-aspect-h: 9; --tw-aspect-w: 16; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; padding-bottom: calc(var(--tw-aspect-h)/var(--tw-aspect-w)*100%); position: relative;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/6nxLXvqLp50?feature=oembed" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: currentcolor; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 361.125px; inset: 0px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;"></iframe></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Further understanding and characterization of these chorus waves is going to require more observations, and more analysis. These first detections will allow the researchers to plan their investigations in detail, ahead of orbital insertion of MIO in 2025.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-12 Purch_Y_C_0_12-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"To date, we still do not know whether Earth and Mercury have similar spatiotemporal properties of their electron-driven chorus," the researchers write.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-13 Purch_Y_C_0_13-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"The present study paves the way for these challenging future investigations that will reveal how magnetized planet environments are shaped by the solar wind in our Solar System, with potential extrapolation to exoplanets and their interactions with stellar winds."</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">The research has been published in <em style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">Nature Astronomy</em>.</p>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-76594845245818162002023-10-15T13:06:00.010-07:002023-10-15T13:06:53.209-07:00AI Was Asked to Design a Walking Robot. It Came Up With This.<p><img alt="Strange Walking Robot" class="w-full h-auto lg:object-cover wp-post-image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" height="260" loading="eager" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw,
(min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw,
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(min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw,
(min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/StrangeWalkingRobot-642x260.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/StrangeWalkingRobot-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/StrangeWalkingRobot-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/StrangeWalkingRobot-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/StrangeWalkingRobot.jpg 1024w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 243px; object-fit: cover; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /></p><div class="w-full h-auto featured-image" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; width: 642px;"><span class="img-caption w-full border-b border-gray-200 text-left font-normal text-gray-500 block py-0.5" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); display: block; line-height: 18px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;"><span class="ccfic-text" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">The AI-designed robot.</span> <span class="ccfic-source" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><a href="https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2023/10/instant-evolution-ai-designs-new-robot-from-scratch-in-seconds/?fj=1" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit;" target="_blank">(Northwestern University)</a></span></span></div><div class="entry-content pt-4" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; padding-top: 1rem;"><div class="post-content" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">When a group of researchers asked an AI to design a robot that could walk, it created a "small, squishy and misshapen" thing that walks by spasming when filled with air.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">The researchers — affiliated with Northwestern University, MIT, and the University of Vermont — published their findings in an article for the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on October 3.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"We told the AI that we wanted a robot that could walk across land. Then we simply pressed a button and presto!" Sam Kriegman, an assistant professor at Northwestern University and the lead researcher behind the study, wrote in a separate blog post.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-2 Purch_Y_C_0_2-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">In 26 seconds, the AI designed a blueprint for a robot "that looks nothing like any animal that has ever walked the earth," Kriegman added.</p><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9 youtube-iframe relative" style="--tw-aspect-h: 9; --tw-aspect-w: 16; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; padding-bottom: calc(var(--tw-aspect-h)/var(--tw-aspect-w)*100%); position: relative;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wph_Im03cn0?feature=oembed" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: currentcolor; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 361.125px; inset: 0px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;"></iframe></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">The AI began with a small rubber block and modeled different shapes before arriving at the final design that could walk. The final design walks after being pumped with air by a researcher.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-3 Purch_Y_C_0_3-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Kriegman said the researchers weren't quite sure why the robot had this peculiar shape — and why it was filled with holes.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-4 Purch_Y_C_0_4-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"When humans design robots, we tend to design them to look like familiar objects," said Kriegman, "But AI can create new possibilities and new paths forward that humans have never even considered."</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-5 Purch_Y_C_0_5-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Creating robots that can walk isn't a new concept. For example, robotics company Boston Dynamics has spent more than a decade designing walking robots.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-6 Purch_Y_C_0_6-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">However, Kriegman's findings present yet another showcase of the unusual outcomes while blending AI and robotics.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-7 Purch_Y_C_0_7-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">A Polish drinks company appointed an AI-powered humanoid robot named Mika as its CEO in August last year. Mika told Reuters that it doesn't have weekends and is "always on 24/7."</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-8 Purch_Y_C_0_8-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">And another AI-powered robot, presented in Geneva in July, even gave reporters the side-eye when asked whether it would rebel against its creator.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">This article was originally published by Business Insider.</span></p></div></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-70134858133892881162023-10-15T13:05:00.000-07:002023-10-15T13:05:02.184-07:00Archaeologists Discover Remains of 5,000-Year-Old Wine in Ancient Egyptian Tomb<p><img alt="Ancient Egyptian Tomb" class="w-full h-auto lg:object-cover wp-post-image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" height="260" loading="eager" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw,
(min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw,
(min-resolution: 2dppx) 50vw,
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(min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw,
(min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/AncientEgyptianTomb-642x260.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/AncientEgyptianTomb-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/AncientEgyptianTomb-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/AncientEgyptianTomb-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/AncientEgyptianTomb.jpg 1024w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 243px; object-fit: cover; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /></p><div class="w-full h-auto featured-image" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; width: 642px;"><span class="img-caption w-full border-b border-gray-200 text-left font-normal text-gray-500 block py-0.5" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); display: block; line-height: 18px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;"><span class="ccfic-text" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">The tomb complex of Meret-Neith.</span> <span class="ccfic-source" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><a href="https://medienportal.univie.ac.at/en/media/recent-press-releases/detailansicht-en/artikel/5000-year-old-wine-for-egyptian-queen/" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit;" target="_blank">(EC Köhler)</a></span></span></div><div class="entry-content pt-4" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; padding-top: 1rem;"><div class="post-content" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Why would you want to drink boggy old sarcophagus juice when there are more palatable tomb beverages to hand?</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">In the tomb of the First Dynasty Egyptian queen Meret-Neith, archaeologists have uncovered a wealth of grave goods that includes hundreds of large wine jars – some of which still sealed. These funereal riches, they say, bolster the case that she was a person of great significance, maybe even Egypt's first female pharaoh.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Meret-Neith lived some 5,000 years ago, serving as queen of Egypt some time around 2950 BCE. She was, at the very least, queen-consort and regent. She may have been a ruler in her own right – a pharaoh – but archaeologists have been unable to determine her position with certainty. The first queen known to assume the full royal titulary was Sobekneferu, a millennium later.</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-108453" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_108453" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 642px;"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-108453" decoding="async" height="566" sizes="(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/wine-jars-body.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/wine-jars-body.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/wine-jars-body-471x415.jpg 471w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/wine-jars-body-600x529.jpg 600w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-108453" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">A cache of wine jars. (<a href="https://medienportal.univie.ac.at/en/media/recent-press-releases/detailansicht-en/artikel/5000-year-old-wine-for-egyptian-queen/" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit;">EC Köhler</a>)</figcaption></figure><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">There is certainly evidence of Meret-Neith's importance in her tomb, at the royal necropolis of Abydos. She was buried amid the final resting places of male pharaohs, and her own tomb was of comparable size and richness. She was likely the most powerful woman of her time.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-2 Purch_Y_C_0_2-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">An international team of archaeologists led by Christiana Köhler of the University of Vienna and working with the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is currently working on discovering more of the lavish monument in which Meret-Neith was buried so many years ago.</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-108454" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_108454" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 642px;"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-108454" decoding="async" height="359" sizes="(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/meret-neith-tomb.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/meret-neith-tomb.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/meret-neith-tomb-600x336.jpg 600w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-108454" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">The tomb complex of Meret-Neith. The queen was buried in the center; courtiers and servants in the surrounding chambers. (<a href="https://medienportal.univie.ac.at/en/media/recent-press-releases/detailansicht-en/artikel/5000-year-old-wine-for-egyptian-queen/" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit;">EC Köhler</a>)</figcaption></figure><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">In addition to the wine jars, which were found to contain grape seeds and the remains of the wine that they once held, the researchers discovered inscriptions declaring that Meret-Neith was responsible for important offices, such as the royal treasury. This adds to previous evidence of the queen's significance.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-3 Purch_Y_C_0_3-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">And new archaeological technologies were used to better understand the way the burial monument was built. Meret-Neith's funereal complex, built of unbaked brick, clay, and wood, included the tombs of 41 courtiers and servants who were interred with her.</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-108456" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_108456" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 642px;"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-108456" decoding="async" height="481" sizes="(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/grape-seeds.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/grape-seeds.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/grape-seeds-554x415.jpg 554w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/grape-seeds-600x450.jpg 600w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-108456" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">Grape seeds recovered from sealed wine jars. (<a href="https://medienportal.univie.ac.at/en/media/recent-press-releases/detailansicht-en/artikel/5000-year-old-wine-for-egyptian-queen/" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit;">EC Köhler</a>)</figcaption></figure><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">The analysis, the researchers say, shows that this was not built all at once, but in stages over a long period of time. This suggests these burial buddies may not have been slain as ritual sacrifices after all, but laid to rest with the queen, perhaps as an honor, after they had lived their lives.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Work on the tomb is ongoing, in the hopes of discovering more about this mysterious queen, who remains mesmerizing even many thousands of years after she walked this Earth.</p></div></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-23333000952458590342023-10-15T13:03:00.002-07:002023-10-15T13:03:15.696-07:00Asteroids Might Harbor Unprecedented Elements Beyond the Known Periodic Table<p> </p><img alt="" class="w-full h-auto lg:object-cover wp-post-image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" height="260" loading="eager" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw,
(min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw,
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(min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw,
(min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/nasa-psyche-642x260.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/nasa-psyche-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/nasa-psyche-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/nasa-psyche-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/nasa-psyche.jpg 1024w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 243px; object-fit: cover; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><span class="img-caption w-full border-b border-gray-200 text-left font-normal text-gray-500 block py-0.5" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); display: block; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 18px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;"><span class="ccfic-text" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Artist's impression of metallic asteroid Psyche.</span> <span class="ccfic-source" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">(NASA)</span></span><p>The densest naturally occurring element found on the periodic table is osmium, a metal that solidifies at room temperature with a density of 22.59 grams per cubic centimeter. This density is nearly twice that of Earth's inner core and almost comparable to Jupiter's core.</p><p><br /></p><p>However, intriguingly, there are celestial objects in our Solar System, specifically asteroids, that appear to possess even greater density than osmium. This is surprising because asteroids lack the mass required to compress minerals into such an ultradense state, a phenomenon observed in planetary cores.</p><p><br /></p><p>Scientists have been led to ponder the existence of stable elements beyond the known periodic table, surpassing the unstable, radioactive superheavy elements with atomic numbers ranging from 105 to 118, which have only been artificially produced in laboratory environments.</p><p><br /></p><p>The possibility of elements with more than 118 protons being stable remains unknown, as they have never been observed in natural or laboratory settings. Theoretical research, however, hints at an "island of stability" around atomic number 164. Here, superheavy elements might be less prone to radioactive decay, potentially existing for a considerable period.</p><p><br /></p><p>The prospect of these heavier elements being denser offers a potential explanation for the peculiar observations surrounding asteroid 33 Polyhymnia, a rocky body in the asteroid belt measuring approximately 50 to 60 kilometers (around 30 to 36 miles) in diameter. A measurement derived a density of 75.28 grams per cubic centimeter for 33 Polyhymnia, categorizing it as a potential compact ultradense object (CUDO).</p><p><br /></p><p>Although such an extreme outlier is likely due to a flawed measurement, physicists from the University of Arizona, Evan LaForge, Will Price, and Johann Rafelski, sought to explore the physical plausibility of such density. They employed the Thomas-Fermi model, a basic approximation of atomic behaviors, to investigate the atomic structure of hypothetical superheavy elements.</p><p><br /></p><p>Despite the model's imprecision, it enabled the researchers to systematically explore atomic behavior beyond the known periodic table. Their calculations aligned with the previously predicted island of stability at atomic number 164. They demonstrated that the density range of this hypothetical element falls between 36 and 68.4 grams per cubic centimeter, a range comparable to the high-density calculation for 33 Polyhymnia.</p><p><br /></p><p>This does not confirm that 33 Polyhymnia is ultradense; instead, it suggests a plausible explanation for the possibly flawed ultradensity measurement, eliminating the need for invoking mysterious or dark matter.</p><p><br /></p><p>In their paper, the researchers noted, "The purpose of this study was to determine whether CUDOs with extreme mass density could be achieved without the need for the usually invoked strange or dark matter. We have done this while exploring two different nuclear systems using the relativistic Thomas-Fermi model. From the exploration of both standard nuclei and alpha matter, it is clear that both types of nuclear matter could explain the density seen in CUDOs such as asteroid 33 Polyhymnia."</p><p><br /></p><p>This study highlights the usefulness of the Thomas-Fermi model in investigating the properties of hypothetical superheavy elements, laying the groundwork for more comprehensive analyses in the future.</p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px;">The research appears in </span><em style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">The European Physical Journal Plus</em><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px;">.</span></p>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-43552359376205068342023-10-15T12:57:00.003-07:002023-10-15T12:57:19.396-07:00"Glimpse into Untouched Asteroid Dust Uncovers Surprising Riches of Water and Carbon"<p><br /></p><div class="w-full h-auto featured-image" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; width: 642px;"><img alt="asteroid dust in container" class="w-full h-auto lg:object-cover wp-post-image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" height="260" loading="eager" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw,
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(min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/bennu_dust_sample-642x260.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/bennu_dust_sample-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/bennu_dust_sample-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/bennu_dust_sample-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/bennu_dust_sample.jpg 1024w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; max-width: 100%; min-height: 243px; object-fit: cover; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><span class="img-caption w-full border-b border-gray-200 text-left font-normal text-gray-500 block py-0.5" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); display: block; line-height: 18px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;"><span class="ccfic-text" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">A view of the outside of the OSIRIS-REx sample collector, with sample inside.</span> <span class="ccfic-source" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasas-bennu-asteroid-sample-contains-carbon-water/" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit;" target="_blank">(NASA/Erika Blumenfeld/Joseph Aebersold)</a></span></span></div><div class="entry-content pt-4" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; padding-top: 1rem;"><div class="post-content" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box;"></div></div><p>NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission has unveiled a groundbreaking discovery: the sample collected from the ancient asteroid Bennu, which dates back 4.5 billion years, contains abundant water and carbon. This finding provides compelling support for the theory that life on Earth might have originated from extraterrestrial sources.</p><p><br /></p><p>After a seven-year round trip to Bennu, the spacecraft delivered its precious cargo to the Utah desert, initiating meticulous scientific analysis. NASA Administrator Bill Nelson announced this significant achievement at a press event in Houston's Johnson Space Center, where the initial images of black dust and pebbles were showcased.</p><p><br /></p><p>The sample, the largest carbon-rich asteroid sample ever brought to Earth, contains nearly five percent carbon by weight, present in both organic and mineral forms. Additionally, water was found locked within the crystal structure of clay minerals. Scientists posit that Earth's water bodies were formed around 4 to 4.5 billion years ago when the planet was struck by water-carrying asteroids, rendering Earth habitable. Carbon, the foundation of life on Earth, forms essential compounds like proteins, enzymes, DNA, and RNA.</p><p><br /></p><p>Advanced techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and X-ray computed tomography facilitated this preliminary analysis. Astrobiologist Daniel Glavin expressed enthusiasm about the findings, highlighting the extensive research potential. The sample will be shared with labs worldwide for further examination.</p><p><br /></p><p>While Japan had previously succeeded in retrieving celestial dust from asteroids in 2010 and 2020, OSIRIS-REx outperformed its predecessors by collecting an estimated 250 grams (half a pound) of material. Bennu, named after an ancient Egyptian deity, is considered a "primordial artifact preserved in the vacuum of space," making it a valuable subject for study. Its orbit intersecting with Earth's path made the mission more feasible compared to reaching the Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter.</p><p><br /></p><p>Apart from scientific insights, understanding Bennu's composition could aid in future efforts to redirect it away from Earth. Although there is no imminent risk of collision until the mid-2100s, the likelihood increases to 1 in 1,750 between 2100 and 2300, according to NASA.</p><p><br /></p><p>Notably, OSIRIS-REx's sample collection exceeded expectations, with particles so loosely packed that a person stepping onto the surface might sink in, akin to a pit of plastic balls in children's play areas. Researchers have primarily focused on analyzing "bonus particles" lying atop the sample collection mechanism, with further inspection of the remaining sample slated for future study.</p><p><br /></p><p>NASA plans to preserve at least 70 percent of the sample in Houston for future research, a practice reminiscent of the Apollo era's preservation of Moon rocks. Additionally, select pieces will be displayed publicly at institutions like the Smithsonian Institution, Space Center Houston, and the University of Arizona, allowing the public to marvel at these extraterrestrial treasures.</p><div class="entry-content pt-4" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; padding-top: 1rem;"><div class="post-content" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box;"></div></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-27961632479982780942023-10-15T12:51:00.002-07:002023-10-15T12:51:11.438-07:00Innovative Experiment Demonstrates Potential of Laser Technology in Moon Road Construction<p><img alt="" class="w-full h-auto lg:object-cover wp-post-image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" height="260" loading="eager" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw,
(min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw,
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(min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/lunar-road-642x260.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/lunar-road-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/lunar-road-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/lunar-road-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/lunar-road.jpg 1024w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 243px; object-fit: cover; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /></p><div class="w-full h-auto featured-image" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; width: 642px;"><span class="img-caption w-full border-b border-gray-200 text-left font-normal text-gray-500 block py-0.5" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); display: block; line-height: 18px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;"><span class="ccfic-text" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">An artist's impression of what the lunar road might look like.</span> <span class="ccfic-source" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">(Liquifer Systems Group)</span></span></div><div class="entry-content pt-4" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; padding-top: 1rem;"><div class="post-content" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Driving around on the Moon is not, one could say, the safest possible ride.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">It's not the bumpiness that's so much an issue. It's the powder-fine dust. Agitated into the low-gravity environment, the tiny, charged particles hang in space and pose a major hazard to the intricate working of Earth's machinery.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: -0.025em; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">Should humans one day live on the lunar surface for any extended period, we just might be able to turn that dirt – or regolith – into smooth, clean roads, new research has found. All you need is whopping a big lens.</span></p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-2 Purch_Y_C_0_2-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"With the aim of consolidating large structures from lunar regolith, the European Space Agency (ESA) project 'PAVER' – paving the road for large area sintering of regolith – studied whether the melting of regolith with a large beam of focused light is a suitable technology for paving applications on the Moon," writes a team led by engineer Juan‑Carlos Ginés‑Palomares of Aalen University in Germany.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-3 Purch_Y_C_0_3-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Sintering is the process of creating a solid mass from small particles using pressure or heat without liquifying the material.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-4 Purch_Y_C_0_4-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"The results of this study proved the viability of this technique for manufacturing large samples with interlocking capabilities in-situ that can be fabricated directly on the lunar surface and arranged for paving applications."</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-108589" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_108589" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 642px;"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-108589" decoding="async" height="480" sizes="(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/sintering-process.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/sintering-process.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/sintering-process-555x415.jpg 555w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/sintering-process-600x449.jpg 600w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-108589" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">The laser melting a simulant of lunar regolith to create tiles. (Jens Günster, BAM)</figcaption></figure><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">When it comes to planning a base of human operations on the Moon, the fewer items we need to ferry from Earth the better.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-5 Purch_Y_C_0_5-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">That's easier said than done. There's kind of not a lot up there, after all. There are rocks and dust; the surface layer of which is known as the lunar regolith. There's probably some ice. And there's a whole lotta sunshine; a lunar day-night cycle lasts 28 days.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-6 Purch_Y_C_0_6-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Ginés‑Palomares and his team wanted to establish if materials available on the Moon could be used to create materials from which roads might be built. A lens, they posited, could be used to focus sunlight in such a way that it creates a beam hot enough to melt the lunar dust, creating interlocking tiles with which a road can be paved.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-7 Purch_Y_C_0_7-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Their experiments were conducted using a fine, gray, powdery dust known as EAC-1A. This is a simulant of the lunar regolith developed by the ESA, a mix of minerals in the same proportions on which they are found on the Moon.</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-108591" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_108591" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 642px;"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-108591" decoding="async" height="606" sizes="(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/tile-shape.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/tile-shape.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/tile-shape-440x415.jpg 440w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/tile-shape-600x566.jpg 600w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-108591" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">One of the sintered tiles embedded in the regolith simulant. (Jens Günster, BAM)</figcaption></figure><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">They also used a CO<span style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; bottom: -0.35em; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12.6px; line-height: 0; position: relative; right: -0.5px; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span> laser – a type of laser in which an electric current is discharged through carbon dioxide to produce a beam of light with a 45 millimeter (1.8-inch) diameter. They focused this beam of light on the EAC-1A, and traced patterns in the dust to melt specific shapes that could fit next to each other in an interlocking pattern. They tried different laser strengths to find the optimum heat to produce tiles.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-8 Purch_Y_C_0_8-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">And it worked. The researchers found a laser strength consistent with what could be achieved with sunlight on the Moon. The resulting tiles, they say, could be made on the Moon using lunar dust and a Fresnel lens with an area of 2.37 square meters (25.5 square feet) to focus the sunlight available up there – a pretty small piece of equipment, all things considered.</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-108590" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_108590" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 642px;"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-108590" decoding="async" height="880" sizes="(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/moon-tiles.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/moon-tiles.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/moon-tiles-303x415.jpg 303w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/moon-tiles-600x822.jpg 600w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-108590" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">The lunar tile design interlocks to create a surface. (<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-42008-1" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit;">Ginés-Palomares et al., <em style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box;">Sci. Rep.</em>, 2023</a>)</figcaption></figure><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">The researchers also tested the strength of their tiles, bearing in mind that lunar equipment is likely to be heavy. They found that the sintered material had a strength comparable to concrete.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-9 Purch_Y_C_0_9-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">With this, lunar explorers could potentially create tiles around 250 millimeters (9.8 inches) across to create paved roads and landing pads, and thus reduce the amount of harmful dust above the lunar surface, threatening to abrade equipment and clog delicate machinery.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-10 Purch_Y_C_0_10-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">The next step is to work on the robustness of the material. Although it was strong, it was prone to breaking, which could have something to do with microscopic defects they found using microscopy and scanning. Minimization of these defects would make for a much sturdier lunar road.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">The research has been published in <em style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">Scientific Reports</em>.</p></div></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-88720256148770085372023-10-14T12:54:00.006-07:002023-10-14T12:54:40.633-07:00NASA's Psyche Mission Set to Launch: Tune in for the Live Broadcast!<p><img alt="An illustration of NASA's Psyche spacecraft approaching an asteroid" class="w-full h-auto lg:object-cover wp-post-image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" height="260" loading="eager" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw,
(min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw,
(min-resolution: 2dppx) 50vw,
(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) 33.33vw,
(min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw,
(min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/PsychSpacecraftApproachesAsteroid-642x260.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/PsychSpacecraftApproachesAsteroid-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/PsychSpacecraftApproachesAsteroid-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/PsychSpacecraftApproachesAsteroid-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/PsychSpacecraftApproachesAsteroid.jpg 1024w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 243px; object-fit: cover; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /></p><div class="w-full h-auto featured-image" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; width: 642px;"><span class="img-caption w-full border-b border-gray-200 text-left font-normal text-gray-500 block py-0.5" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); display: block; line-height: 18px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;"><span class="ccfic-text" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">An illustration of NASA's Psyche spacecraft approaching the Psyche asteroid.</span> <span class="ccfic-source" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia24834-psyche-spacecraft-at-the-asteroid-psyche-illustration" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit;" target="_blank">(NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU)</a></span></span></div><div class="entry-content pt-4" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; padding-top: 1rem;"><div class="post-content" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">For the first time ever, a NASA probe is set to journey to an object composed not of rock, ice, or gas, but metal: the asteroid Psyche.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">By studying this space oddity, scientists hope to learn more about the inner cores of rocky planets such as our own – or, potentially catalog a previously unknown class of cosmic bodies.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Here are some big numbers and fun facts to dazzle your friends with about the mission.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-2 Purch_Y_C_0_2-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><h2 style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 31px; line-height: 33px; margin: 1rem 0px 0.75rem;">$10 quadrillion</h2><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">If Psyche were mineable, its iron, nickel and gold deposits could be worth an eye-watering $10,000 quadrillion (that's $10,000,000,000,000,000,000), according to an estimate reported by Forbes magazine.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-3 Purch_Y_C_0_3-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">But Lindy Elkins-Tanton, the mission's principal investigator who was responsible for that calculation, said it's nothing more than a "fun intellectual exercise with no truth to it."</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-4 Purch_Y_C_0_4-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"We have zero technology as a species to bring Psyche back to Earth," she said in a recent briefing. Attempting to do so could backfire by causing an apocalyptic collision – but even if the endeavor were successful, it would flood the metals market, reducing their value to zero, she said.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-5 Purch_Y_C_0_5-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">[<em style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">Note: NASA and SpaceX are targeting launch at 10:19 a.m. EDT (1419 UTC) Friday, Oct. 13. – Ed.</em>]</p><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9 youtube-iframe relative" style="--tw-aspect-h: 9; --tw-aspect-w: 16; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; padding-bottom: calc(var(--tw-aspect-h)/var(--tw-aspect-w)*100%); position: relative;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/npIDMxrzm_o?feature=oembed" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: currentcolor; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 361.125px; inset: 0px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;"></iframe></div><h2 style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 31px; line-height: 33px; margin: 1rem 0px 0.75rem;">An electric voyage</h2><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">The Psyche probe will blast off on a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket, but to complete its 2.2 billion-mile (3.6 billion-kilometer) journey, it will turn to a far more efficient form of propulsion.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-6 Purch_Y_C_0_6-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Psyche's solar arrays convert light into electricity, providing the power for its four solar electric or "Hall-effect" thrusters. These use electromagnetic fields to accelerate and expel ions (charged atoms) of xenon, the same inert gas used in car headlights and plasma TVs.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-7 Purch_Y_C_0_7-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">While the resulting blue glow is evocative of Star Trek, it's no warp drive: the actual force it exerts in a given moment is roughly equal to the weight of an AA battery in the palm of your hand.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-8 Purch_Y_C_0_8-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">But in the void of space, the probe will accelerate continuously to tens of thousands of miles an hour.</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-108839" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_108839" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 642px;"><img alt="A blue glow emitting from a circular device, and an image of a similar device on the left " class="size-full wp-image-108839" decoding="async" height="361" sizes="(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/NASAPsycheElectricHallThruster.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/NASAPsycheElectricHallThruster.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/NASAPsycheElectricHallThruster-600x337.jpg 600w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-108839" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">Left: xenon plasma emits a blue glow from an electric Hall thruster identical to those that will propel NASA's Psyche spacecraft. Right: a similar non-operating thruster. (<a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/solar-electric-propulsion-makes-nasas-psyche-spacecraft-go" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit;">NASA/JPL-Caltech</a>)</figcaption></figure><h2 style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 31px; line-height: 33px; margin: 1rem 0px 0.75rem;">Laser communications</h2><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">With deep space missions demanding higher and higher data rates, NASA is turning to laser-based systems to complement radio-frequency based communications.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-9 Purch_Y_C_0_9-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Psyche will carry onboard a technology experiment, to demonstrate a "10 times augmentation of traditional telecom data rates," said Abi Biswas of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory – enabling the transmission of higher resolution images, more science data, and streaming video.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-10 Purch_Y_C_0_10-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">NASA will shoot its laser beam from a JPL facility on Table Mountain in California, with the spacecraft firing its signal back to Caltech's Palomar Observatory. The hope is eventually to use the technology on human missions to Mars.</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-108841" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_108841" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 642px;"><img alt="A SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket with the Psyche spacecraft onboard is seen at Launch Complex 39A" class="size-full wp-image-108841" decoding="async" height="419" sizes="(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/NASAPsycheOnLaunchpad.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/NASAPsycheOnLaunchpad.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/NASAPsycheOnLaunchpad-636x415.jpg 636w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/NASAPsycheOnLaunchpad-600x392.jpg 600w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-108841" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">A SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket with the Psyche spacecraft onboard is seen at Launch Complex 39A as preparations continue for the Psyche mission. (<a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/journey-to-a-metal-rich-world-nasas-psyche-is-ready-to-launch" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit;">NASA/Aubrey Gemignani</a>)</figcaption></figure><h2 style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 31px; line-height: 33px; margin: 1rem 0px 0.75rem;">Gravity science</h2><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Psyche has a suite of dedicated scientific instruments to probe the asteroid's chemical and mineral composition and look for signs of an ancient magnetic field.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-11 Purch_Y_C_0_11-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">But the science team will also use Psyche's trusty old radio system to probe the asteroid's gravity field using the Doppler Effect.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-12 Purch_Y_C_0_12-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">"We can look at the pitch or frequency of the radio waves coming from the antenna and figure out how fast the spacecraft is moving" as it orbits its target, said planetary scientist Ben Weiss, just as ambulance sirens have a higher pitch as they come towards you and lower as they move away.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-13 Purch_Y_C_0_13-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">By tracking the spacecraft's speed at different points around the asteroid, they can determine how "lumpy" the gravity field is, which in turn provides clues about the composition and structure of the interior.</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-108834" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_108834" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 642px;"><img alt="A graphic shows the path of the Psyche spacecraft" class="size-full wp-image-108834" decoding="async" height="361" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/NASAPsycheSpiralPath.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/NASAPsycheSpiralPath.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/NASAPsycheSpiralPath-600x337.jpg 600w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-108834" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">This graphic shows how NASA's Psyche spacecraft takes a spiral path to asteroid Psyche. Labels show key milestones of the prime mission. (<a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/psyche/" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit;">NASA/JPL-Caltech</a>)</figcaption></figure><h2 style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 31px; line-height: 33px; margin: 1rem 0px 0.75rem;">Less metal, more rock?</h2><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Given its brightness, there was until recently broad consensus that Psyche was almost entirely metal – consistent with the theory it is an exposed planetary core whose rocky crust and mantle were blown off in an ancient collision.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-14 Purch_Y_C_0_14-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">But the way it imposes gravity on neighboring bodies suggests it's less dense than all iron-bodies should be, according to a 2022 paper by researchers at Brown University.</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-108847" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_108847" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 642px;"><img alt="An asteroid depicted on a black background" class="wp-image-108847 size-full" decoding="async" height="486" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/PsychAsterioid_Illustration-e1697158366127.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/PsychAsterioid_Illustration-e1697158366127.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/PsychAsterioid_Illustration-e1697158366127-548x415.jpg 548w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/10/PsychAsterioid_Illustration-e1697158366127-600x454.jpg 600w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-108847" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">An illustration depicting the 140-mile-wide (226-kilometer-wide) asteroid Psyche. (<a href="https://images.nasa.gov/details/PIA24471" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box;">Peter Rubin/</span>NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU</a>)</figcaption></figure><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">One possibility they put forward is iron-spewing volcanoes brought metal up from Psyche's core to coat its surface above a rocky mantle – effectively creating a structure akin to a metal sandwich.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-15 Purch_Y_C_0_15-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;">It won't be until 2029, when the Psyche spacecraft reaches its destination, that we'll know for sure.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><em style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">© Agence France-Presse</em></p></div></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-35694185747062653882023-10-14T12:51:00.002-07:002023-10-14T12:51:11.116-07:00NASA Predicts 30 Minutes' Notice Before Devastating Solar Storm Strikes Earth<p><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEij1FGWpKIrSpldm0_U27VyiikAtGZ7NXrSWNDr31G-jzc4VkdMvBwPKAd9p3CVfbVjwqldAGAy_GptLAKuHuCttHPkbJutxMrmRS2nNdaQ1AaalMSbWvkFIavlyvGAYU52fk8C0bq8S7uSn61MmEKR6Xy5jRVTxo7_5RnF9CptBrE7QhYi67wWuvLAyCPr" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="415" data-original-width="1024" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEij1FGWpKIrSpldm0_U27VyiikAtGZ7NXrSWNDr31G-jzc4VkdMvBwPKAd9p3CVfbVjwqldAGAy_GptLAKuHuCttHPkbJutxMrmRS2nNdaQ1AaalMSbWvkFIavlyvGAYU52fk8C0bq8S7uSn61MmEKR6Xy5jRVTxo7_5RnF9CptBrE7QhYi67wWuvLAyCPr=w640-h260" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /> </span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent times, we've extensively discussed the perils of solar storms as well as the rising influence of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields. Given the current focus on technological advancements, it comes as no surprise that NASA has been diligently employing AI models in analyzing solar storm data. Their goal? To develop an advanced early warning system, potentially granting a 30-minute lead time before a potentially catastrophic solar storm strikes a specific location.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">This impressive lead time is possible due to the remarkable speed at which light, constituting radio signals, travels compared to solar material ejected from the Sun during these storms. In certain instances, such as the solar storm that affected Quebec around 35 years ago, these events can disrupt power supply for hours. More extreme events, like the Carrington event over 150 years ago, could cause extensive damage to electrical and communication infrastructure if they were to occur in the present day.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Scientists have long recognized this threat and have been actively working to address it. With an array of solar-focused satellites orbiting the Sun, including ACE, Wind, IMP-8, and Geotail, NASA researchers collected vital data. However, merely detecting a solar storm is not enough; understanding its potential impact on Earth is equally crucial. To achieve this, the researchers combined satellite data with information from surface-based stations affected by previous storms detected by the satellites.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9 youtube-iframe relative" style="--tw-aspect-h: 9; --tw-aspect-w: 16; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; padding-bottom: calc(var(--tw-aspect-h)/var(--tw-aspect-w)*100%); position: relative;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5xPBonKpHIM?feature=oembed" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: currentcolor; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 361.125px; inset: 0px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;"></iframe></div><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The team embarked on training a deep learning model, christened DAGGER, which has gained widespread recognition in the AI community. DAGGER stands out due to its exceptional speed. Led by Vishal Upendran from the Inter-University Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics in India, the researchers claim that DAGGER can predict the severity and direction of a solar storm event in less than a second, issuing predictions every minute.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Unlike previous algorithms, which took significantly longer to provide warnings, DAGGER's efficiency lies in its ability to swiftly calculate potential impact areas across the entire globe. This capability is crucial, considering that half of the Earth is shielded by darkness, or what we commonly term as "night," at any given time when a solar storm might strike.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">DAGGER's combination of rapid prediction and global applicability marks a significant advancement in forecasting and responding to potential solar storm threats. The system is set to launch on an open-source platform, allowing utility and communication companies ample time to integrate DAGGER into their threat assessment systems before the peak of the Sun's 11-year solar cycle in 2025.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">While there may not be blaring sirens akin to tornado warnings, at least the right people will now be swiftly informed of the impending danger, thanks to NASA's pioneering AI solution, DAGGER.</span></p><p><span style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">This article was originally published by Universe Today. Read the original article</span></p>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-34773798906607891632023-10-14T12:40:00.005-07:002023-10-14T12:40:37.752-07:00Physicists Assert Time Travel Simulations Hold Key to Resolving Intractable Problems<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img data-original-height="415" data-original-width="1024" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj2ap9GQIIAdB7Em-G75_ZDsJR66s-FAh179zK3Xoh6wIlgIkwoPUXzcC6d-9VhYSFIqVYTbehL1_LSKEh-d_MxxwemyMwqnK3foLfTCAibKiG8yX0SYadWjKFV5-YMi6W9s9h2riIHOIAMkjaWZzBD7XaIpVVtMakS-7MG4qSaFpbxKFcD4LXCmsuyZQT6=w640-h260" width="640" /></span></div><p></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The relentless march of time, a concept unyielding for most, takes on a different meaning in the realm of theoretical quantum physics. Here, time's flow is not rigidly one way; it can be bent and manipulated, at least in theory. Scientists have delved into simulations of backward time travel, a fascinating domain where the laws of physics are redefined.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Physicist David Arvidsson-Shukur and his team at Cambridge University embarked on groundbreaking research. They devised an experiment where the very fabric of time seemed malleable. Through simulated backward loops using quantum teleportation circuits, they could alter predetermined parameters, a feat impossible in our everyday reality.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Arvidsson-Shukur elucidates this concept through a practical analogy: envision sending a gift to someone. Ordinarily, you'd send it without knowing the recipient's preferences. However, in their chronology-bending simulation, information from the recipient's wish list, received after the gift's dispatch, could retroactively alter the initial choice, ensuring a perfect match.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Central to their experiment was quantum entanglement, a phenomenon where particles' properties interconnect regardless of distance. By manipulating one particle and observing changes in its entangled counterpart, researchers could influence the past, a notion defying classical understanding.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Crucially, this backward time loop doesn't permit paradoxes like grandfather paradoxes, relying on a probability concept called postselection. While the team doesn't claim such loops exist, quantum theory allows their simulation. Remarkably, their calculations indicate a 25% success rate, making it experimentally testable.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Though untested as yet, the experiment envisions entangling numerous photons and employing time travel simulations. If the altered photons reach a specially designed camera, confirming the simulation's success, it would mark a groundbreaking achievement.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Arvidsson-Shukur emphasizes that this isn't a blueprint for time travel machines but a profound exploration of quantum mechanics. These simulations don't rewrite the past; instead, they offer a chance to rectify yesterday's errors, illuminating a path toward a better future.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.4px;">The research has been published in </span><em style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.4px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">Physical Review Letters</em><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.4px;">.</span></span></p>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-68100944978272428372023-09-30T10:15:00.004-07:002023-09-30T10:25:37.314-07:00"Elusive Neutrinos from the Milky Way Discovered, Unveiling the Galaxy's Ghostly Secrets"<div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ9GFUJt0I6kSfoRwS1A1LMY6TzT8AkipOB-gRmB9g9vjxIE-1r7dKK1rMWwmwiaZpMlUgBJjLZUpu6gy-68d5Nm7n5Ie-iOSX-THH3gmztF9p7HFll2t84zPbNUUuR8J4gAM8QjTpjEN3vnVUyUcLFTkz2yrDJMSTk5x5XYNE8ECFGYJ6Z_YdW3uCkIp8/s300/download%20(3).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="300" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ9GFUJt0I6kSfoRwS1A1LMY6TzT8AkipOB-gRmB9g9vjxIE-1r7dKK1rMWwmwiaZpMlUgBJjLZUpu6gy-68d5Nm7n5Ie-iOSX-THH3gmztF9p7HFll2t84zPbNUUuR8J4gAM8QjTpjEN3vnVUyUcLFTkz2yrDJMSTk5x5XYNE8ECFGYJ6Z_YdW3uCkIp8/w640-h358/download%20(3).jpg" title=""Elusive Neutrinos from the Milky Way Discovered, Unveiling the Galaxy's Ghostly Secrets"" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;">Neutrinos, invisible to the naked eye and once believed to be without mass, are ubiquitous in the universe, constantly passing through us. These elusive particles are vital to astronomers, being byproducts of cosmic rays, mysterious high-energy particles coursing through space. However, the origins of cosmic rays, their behavior, and composition remain largely unknown.</span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;">In a groundbreaking achievement reported in Science, a global team of astronomers has achieved a significant milestone: the detection of neutrinos originating from the Milky Way's plane. This discovery, made possible by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory in the South Pole, marks a crucial leap in understanding cosmic phenomena.</span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;">The detection process was intricate. Neutrinos generate Cherenkov radiation, bright light cones, when they move through substances like ice at speeds faster than light. The challenge lay in sifting these faint signals from the background noise caused by cosmic rays colliding with Earth's atmosphere.</span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;">The breakthrough came through meticulous analysis and the application of advanced artificial intelligence tools, allowing scientists to differentiate genuine neutrino signals from the cosmic noise. By studying more than 59,000 IceCube detections spanning a decade, researchers confidently identified neutrinos originating from the Milky Way's flat plane, especially from the galactic center.</span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;">While this discovery is monumental, astronomers are not stopping here. The next step involves pinpointing the exact locations in the sky from which these neutrinos emanate. Upgrades to existing detectors like IceCube, as well as the development of new observatories such as KM3NeT and GVD, promise a more detailed understanding of cosmic phenomena. Identifying individual sources of these signals could unravel the mystery of cosmic rays, potentially originating from events like supernovae.</span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;">The implications are profound. Solving the century-old cosmic ray problem through neutrino physics could unravel numerous cosmic mysteries, paving the way for a deeper understanding of the universe.</span></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-91215074061700865052023-09-30T10:03:00.003-07:002023-09-30T10:03:23.568-07:00"Groundbreaking Study Shows Mouse Brain Implants Achieving Wireless Communication with Wearable Electronics in Proof-of-Concept Experiment"<p> <img alt="One brain implant" src="https://www.pnas.org/do/10.1073/journal-club.c587b1f1-cbd4-493d-8036-a07c03e95475/full/implant_on_fingertipcropped_header-1695416840127.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-style: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title=""Groundbreaking Study Shows Mouse Brain Implants Achieving Wireless Communication with Wearable Electronics in Proof-of-Concept Experiment"" /></p><section class="blog-cover" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 2.5rem auto 2rem; max-width: 800px;"><figure class="blog-cover__figure" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: default !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: 0.02em; line-height: 1.5rem; padding: 0.625rem 2.5rem 0px 0px; text-align: left;">Brain implants like this one can communicate with wearable devices outside of the body. Someday, an array of wireless implants could grant users mind control over prosthetic limbs and consumer electronics. Image credit: Baibhab Chatterjee, Shreyas Sen, Purdue University<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></figcaption></figure></section><div data-extent="bodymatter" id="bodymatter" property="articleBody" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; padding: 0.01rem 0px 2rem;"><div class="core-container" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 800px; width: 800px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;">Imagine brain implants that could detect neural impulses and then <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">wirelessly</em> communicate those signals with a prosthetic arm, or even a smart home device. Engineers are one step closer to this possible future, based on the results of a recent study in <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Nature Electronics</em>.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;">While there have been many attempts to link brain signals with an external device or computer, this work is the first to demonstrate high-bandwidth wireless communication between neural implants and wearable devices, taking advantage of the body’s natural electrical conductivity. “No previous tech had a broadband nature in the brain,” says senior author and principal investigator Shreyas Sen, an electrical and biomedical researcher and inventor at Purdue University in West Lafayette, IN.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;">Over the last few decades, engineers and medical researchers have taken a keen interest in the brain–computer interface. There are two major applications for this work, Sen says. One is medical treatments, such as brain-controlled prosthetics. The other is consumer electronics, with the aim of controlling a keyboard or other device just by thinking.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;">Neuroscience researchers have made major strides in brain–computer connections over the last few decades by, for instance, helping people paralyzed by spinal cord injuries to control robotic limbs or implanting electrodes that offer deep brain stimulation to address the symptoms of depression or neurodegenerative disease. But these technologies aren’t yet wireless.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;">A Parkinson’s patient, for example, might have a wired electrode implanted deep in their brain to electrically stimulate neurons. But the power source for the electrode is a second device called a stimulator that sits outside the skull, usually near the clavicle. Wires flow up through a port in the skull and out of the head under the skin, where they connect to the stimulator.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;">More recently, researchers have proposed using distributed implants sprinkled inside the brain to wirelessly communicate with devices outside of the body. Wired electrodes are not only less convenient, but also involve more invasive surgery, notes first author Baibhab Chatterjee, who led this work as a doctoral student at Purdue and is now faculty at the University of Florida in Gainesville.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><img alt="" src="https://www.pnas.org/do/10.1073/journal-club.c587b1f1-cbd4-493d-8036-a07c03e95475/full/fig_frontmatter_v2_chatterjee_sen_bpqbc_in_line-1695416840127.jpg" style="border-style: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;">Several labs have attempted wireless brain–device communication using approaches that involve ultrasound, magnetic fields, and even optics. But so far, all these technologies have turned out to be low bandwidth in the brain, meaning that they have low rates of data transfer at the necessarily low-power levels of an implant device, or they’re low fidelity, meaning that they don’t reliably detect and transfer neural signals, Chatterjee says.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;">The Sen lab, however, focuses on electricity as a conduit between the body and wearable or implanted devices. After all, Sen says, human tissues are known to have similar electrical conductivity to saltwater. And the tissues themselves, not only the nerves, will propagate an electrical signal.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;">Sen and Chatterjee started by modeling the brain based on its electrical properties to estimate how much electrical signal would reach the implant from an electronic device outside the body, and vice versa. Then, they tried various simulations, modeling different amounts of signal, sent from a wearable electronic headband into the brain, and from the brain to the headband, to estimate how much information could be transferred.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;">The researchers found that 1/1,000th of an external signal should reach an implant just a few millimeters in size deep in the brain. For example, if a wearable device sent a 1-volt signal into the brain, the receiver in any implant would need to be sensitive enough to pick up a 1-millivolt signal.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;">As they developed the models and theory, the researchers also created an implant using a flexible circuit board, 4.4 millimeters by 2.4 millimeters in size. They tested the device in saline water to roughly approximate the brain environment. Sen and Chatterjee programmed the implant to generate many different electric frequencies, then measured how much signal an external wearable device could detect. The wearable picked up about a thousandth of each signal, roughly matching the model’s predictions. Finally, the team tested the implant in several mice and, indeed, could detect signals from the device, on the brain, to external receiving electrodes on the outside of the mouse’s head.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;">“It’s very attractive to have a device communicate from outside the skull to an implant,” says Jan Rabaey, a professor in electrical engineering and computer sciences, now emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley. Rabaey, who was not involved in the study, lauds the work, calling it “an interesting new twist on a problem a lot of people have been tackling.” However, looking ahead, Rabaey does wonder how such devices will perform during in vivo studies, in which the electrical signal moves through skull and various brain tissues, rather than the simplified saltwater model. “More research and experiments will be needed to show this is really robust in a variety of circumstances,” he says.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;">There’s easily a decade, maybe two, to go before products contain this kind of tech, Sen acknowledges, as there’s lots of in vivo work that remains to be done. But, Sen says, “the building blocks are coming together,” and the “big thing” demonstrated in the recent study is that the brain can get “its own broadband.”</p></div></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-61497746005496713722023-09-27T13:30:00.007-07:002023-09-27T13:30:44.686-07:00JWST Detects Earliest Galaxies to Date, And They Don't Look The Way We Expected<p><img alt="Spiral galaxy" class="w-full h-auto lg:object-cover wp-post-image" decoding="async" height="260" loading="eager" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw,
(min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw,
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(min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw,
(min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/GalaxySpiralAncient-642x260.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/GalaxySpiralAncient-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/GalaxySpiralAncient-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/GalaxySpiralAncient-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/GalaxySpiralAncient.jpg 1024w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 243px; object-fit: cover; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /></p><article class="bg-white post-107176 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-space" id="post-107176" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px;"><div class="w-full h-auto featured-image" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; width: 642px;"><span class="img-caption w-full border-b border-gray-200 text-left font-normal text-gray-500 block py-0.5" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); display: block; line-height: 18px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;"><span class="ccfic-text" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">The big galaxy in the foreground is named LEDA 2046648, and is seen just over a billion years back in time, while most of the others lie even farther away, and hence are seen even further back in time.</span> <span class="ccfic-source" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">(ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, A. Martel)</span></span></div><div class="entry-content pt-4" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; padding-top: 1rem;"><div class="post-content" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">One of the James Webb Space Telescope's principal science goals is to observe the epoch where we think that the first galaxies were created, to understand the details of their formation, evolution, and composition.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">With each deep look back in time, the telescope seems to break its own record for the most distant galaxy ever seen. Science papers are now are starting to trickle in, as astronomers are finally starting to collect enough data from JWST to build a deeper understanding of the early Universe.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-2 Purch_Y_C_0_2-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">In a new study published in <em style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box;">Nature Astronomy</em><em style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">,</em> a team of researchers in Denmark believe they have observed some of the very first, earliest galaxies with JWST.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-3 Purch_Y_C_0_3-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">These galaxies are so old, they are likely still in the process of being formed.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-4 Purch_Y_C_0_4-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><h2 id="h-galaxy-ratios" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 31px; line-height: 33px; margin: 1rem 0px 0.75rem;">Galaxy Ratios</h2><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">One known standard is that the ratio between galaxies and their heavy elements has held constant in the local Universe through the last 12 billion years of history, or about 5/6 of the age of the Universe.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-5 Purch_Y_C_0_5-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">But with JWST, astronomers are now seeing that the youngest galaxies look different.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-6 Purch_Y_C_0_6-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">They don't have that same ratio of stars to heavier elements because they haven't gone through the cycles of star formation and star death yet, enriching gas clouds with metals, i.e., elements heavier than hydrogen and helium.</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-107178" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_107178" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 642px;"><img alt="Total stellar mass ratio" class="wp-image-107178 size-medium" decoding="async" height="430" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/total-stellar-mass1100-642x430.jpeg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/total-stellar-mass1100-642x430.jpeg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/total-stellar-mass1100-619x415.jpeg 619w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/total-stellar-mass1100-768x515.jpeg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/total-stellar-mass1100-600x402.jpeg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/total-stellar-mass1100.jpeg 1100w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-107178" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">This plot shows the observed galaxies in an "element-stellar mass diagram": The farther to the right a galaxy is, the more massive it is, and the farther up, the more heavy elements it contains. The gray icons represent galaxies in the present-day Universe, while the red show the new observations of early galaxies. These ones clearly have much less heavy elements than later galaxies, but agree roughly with theoretical predictions, indicated by the blue band. (Kasper Elm Heintz, Peter Laursen)</figcaption></figure><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">For this study, the astronomers looked at 16 galaxies, some of the earliest galaxies ever observed. Their observations revealed that the chemical abundances in these galaxies are one-fourth of that seen in galaxies that were formed later.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-7 Purch_Y_C_0_7-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">In their paper, the astronomers wrote that "these findings suggest that galaxies at this time are still intimately connected with the intergalactic medium and subject to continuous infall of pristine gas, which effectively dilutes their metal abundances."</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-8 Purch_Y_C_0_8-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">As gravity gathered together the first clumps of gas,the first stars and galaxies were formed.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-9 Purch_Y_C_0_9-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">"When we analyzed the light from 16 of these first galaxies, we saw that they had significantly less heavy elements, compared to what you'd expect from their stellar masses and the amount of new stars they produced," said Kasper Elm Heintz, leader of the study and assistant professor at the Cosmic Dawn Center at the Niels Bohr Institute and DTU Space in Copenhagen, Denmark, in a press release.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-10 Purch_Y_C_0_10-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">These results, the astronomers say, are in stark contrast to the current model where galaxies evolve in a form of equilibrium throughout most of the history of the Universe, where there is a relationship between how many stars have formed and how many heavy elements have formed.</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-107179" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_107179" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 642px;"><img alt="Galaxy formation" class="wp-image-107179 size-medium" decoding="async" height="512" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/galaksedannelse1100-642x512.jpeg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/galaksedannelse1100-642x512.jpeg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/galaksedannelse1100-520x415.jpeg 520w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/galaksedannelse1100-768x613.jpeg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/galaksedannelse1100-600x479.jpeg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/galaksedannelse1100.jpeg 1100w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-107179" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">Illustration of galaxy formation: Diffuse gas from intergalactic space plummets toward the center, sparking star formation and becoming part of the galaxy's rotating disk. When stars die, they return their gas to the galaxy (and the intergalactic space), now enriched with heavy elements. (Tumlinson et al., 2017).</figcaption></figure><h2 id="h-not-entirely-surprising" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 31px; line-height: 33px; margin: 1rem 0px 0.75rem;">Not Entirely Surprising</h2><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">The researchers say, however, this result is not entirely surprising. Theoretical models of galaxy formation have predicted this very thing. And now it has been observed.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-11 Purch_Y_C_0_11-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">"The result gives us the first insight into the earliest stages of galaxy formation which appear to be more intimately connected with the gas in between the galaxies than we thought," said Elm Heintz.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-12 Purch_Y_C_0_12-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">"This is one of the first James Webb observations on this topic, so we're still waiting to see what the larger, more comprehensive observations that are currently being carried out can tell us."</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-13 Purch_Y_C_0_13-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">The researchers said there is no doubt that JWST will provide more data and soon they should have a much clearer understanding of how galaxies and the first structures began their formation during the first billion years after the Big Bang.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;"><span style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">This article was originally published by Universe Today. Read the <a href="https://www.universetoday.com/163357/finally-astronomers-are-starting-to-see-the-first-galaxies-coming-together-with-jwst/" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit;">original article</a>.</span></p></div></div></article>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-69860003913269626422023-09-27T13:27:00.006-07:002023-09-27T13:27:43.267-07:00Forget Alien Megastructures. New Study Says We Need to Look For 'Service Worlds'.<p><img alt="planets in a close orbit around a star" class="w-full h-auto lg:object-cover wp-post-image" decoding="async" height="260" loading="eager" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw,
(min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw,
(min-resolution: 2dppx) 50vw,
(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) 33.33vw,
(min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw,
(min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/planets_around_a_star-642x260.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/planets_around_a_star-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/planets_around_a_star-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/planets_around_a_star-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/planets_around_a_star.jpg 1024w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 243px; object-fit: cover; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /></p><div class="w-full h-auto featured-image" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; width: 642px;"><span class="img-caption w-full border-b border-gray-200 text-left font-normal text-gray-500 block py-0.5" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); display: block; line-height: 18px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;"><span class="ccfic-source" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">(oorka/Getty Images)</span></span></div><div class="entry-content pt-4" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; padding-top: 1rem;"><div class="post-content" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">In 1960, Freeman Dyson proposed how advanced civilizations could create megastructures that enclosed their system, allowing them to harness all of their star's energy and multiplying the habitable space they could occupy.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">In 2015, the astronomical community was intrigued when the star KIC 8462852 (aka. Tabby's Star) began to dim inexplicably. While an analysis of the star's light curve in 2018 revealed that the dimming pattern was more characteristic of dust than a solid structure, Tabby's Star focused attention on the concept of megastructures and their associated technosignatures.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-2 Purch_Y_C_0_2-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Dyson's ideas were proposed at a time when astronomers were unaware of the abundance of exoplanets in our galaxy. The first confirmed exoplanet was not discovered until 1992, and that number has now reached 5,514!</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-3 Purch_Y_C_0_3-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">With this in mind, a team of researchers from Bangalore, India, recently released a paper that presents an alternative to the whole megastructure concept. For advanced civilizations looking for more room to expand, taking planets within their system – or capturing free-floating planets (FFP) beyond – and transferring them into the star's circumsolar habitable zone (HZ) is a much simpler and less destructive solution.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-4 Purch_Y_C_0_4-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">The research was led by Raghav Narasimha, a physics graduate student at Christ University in Bangalore, India. He was joined by Margarita Safonova and Chandra Sivaram, a Department of Science and Technology (DST) Woman Scientist and a professor of astrophysics (respectively) at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIAP) in Bangalore, India.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-5 Purch_Y_C_0_5-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">The preprint of their paper, "Making Habitable Worlds: Planets Versus Megastructures," recently appeared online and is being reviewed for publication in <em style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">Astrophysics and Space Science</em>.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-6 Purch_Y_C_0_6-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><h2 id="h-the-problem-with-megastructures" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 31px; line-height: 33px; margin: 1rem 0px 0.75rem;">The problem with megastructures</h2><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">The possibility of advanced civilizations building giant structures to harness the energy of their stars is time-honored, with examples going back to the early 20th century. The earliest examples include John Desmond Bernal's "Bernal Sphere," which he detailed in his 1929 work <em style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">The World, the Flesh & the Devil</em>.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-7 Purch_Y_C_0_7-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">According to Bernal, the source of the material for building such structures "would only be in small part drawn from the Earth; for the great bulk of the structure would be made out of the substance of one or more smaller asteroids, rings of Saturn or other planetary detritus."</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-8 Purch_Y_C_0_8-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Olaf Stapledon took things a step further in his science fiction novel <em style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">Star Maker</em>, where he described how a future advanced human civilization was "able to construct, out in space, artificial planets for permanent habitation. These great hollow globes of artificial super-metals and artificial transparent adamant, ranged in size from the earliest and smallest structures, which were no bigger than a very small asteroid, to spheres considerably larger than the Earth."</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-9 Purch_Y_C_0_9-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">These sources may have been the source of inspiration for Dyson's 1960 proposal paper.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-10 Purch_Y_C_0_10-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">In this seminal paper, "Search for Artificial Stellar Sources of Infrared Radiation," Dyson reasoned that a civilization's motivations for building an "artificial biosphere" (later dubbed a "Dyson Sphere" by Nikolai Kardashev) would include harnessing energy but also multiplying the amount of space they could inhabit.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-11 Purch_Y_C_0_11-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Beginning with the likely possibility that civilization observed at cosmic distances would be much older and more advanced than humanity, he argued that:</p><blockquote style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(254,186,17,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 8px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1.5rem 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 32px;"><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-style: italic; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">"[It is] a reasonable working hypothesis that their habitat will have been expanded to the limits set by Malthusian principles.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-style: italic; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">We have no direct knowledge of the material conditions which these beings would encounter in their search for lebensraum… One should expect that, within a few thousand years of its entering the stage of industrial development, any intelligent species should be found occupying an artificial biosphere which completely surrounds its parent star."</p></blockquote><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">However, at the time of writing, Dyson was working with the limits of habitable space within our Solar System, which was confined to Earth. Nevertheless, the various bodies of the Solar System (particularly Jupiter and the gas giants) have a tremendous amount of material that could (in theory) be repurposed to create an artificial biosphere.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-12 Purch_Y_C_0_12-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Using Jupiter as an example, Dyson argued that the planet's mass was sufficient to create a spherical shell around the Sun about 2 to 3 meters (6.5 to 10 ft) in thickness with a density of "200 grams per square centimeter."</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-107059" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_107059" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 640px;"><img alt="stars with glowing orbits indicating planets" class="wp-image-107059 size-full" decoding="async" height="410" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/planetary_systems_around_stars.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/planetary_systems_around_stars.jpg 640w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/planetary_systems_around_stars-600x384.jpg 600w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="640" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-107059" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">Artist's impression of extrasolar planetary systems in our galaxy. (NASA/Tim Pyle)</figcaption></figure><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Moreover, inspired by recent advances in infrared astronomy, Dyson suggested how SETI researchers could look for evidence of these structures in our galaxy by their heat signatures.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-13 Purch_Y_C_0_13-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">As Narasimha, Safonova, and Sivaram told Universe Today via email:</p><blockquote style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(254,186,17,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 8px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1.5rem 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 32px;"><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-style: italic; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">"Dyson suggested that advanced ET civilizations could already have constructed such megastructures. These would be radiating the entire star's energy chiefly in the narrow infrared (IR) range of 8 to 10 microns (because of the "waste heat" – observed as excess IR radiation), so this should be the technosignature of such a structure, i.e., the stellar object with solar luminosity but all radiating in the IR.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-style: italic; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">"Carl Sagan and Russel Walker suggested in 1966 in the paper "The Infrared Detectability of Dyson Civilizations" to search for Dyson civilizations using IR space telescopes. Astronomers still continue to look for such objects, though with negative results till now, because the concept is not limited to time – any long-term civilization (i.e., lasting for thousands of years) may ultimately require the entire output of their host star."</p></blockquote><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">As an alternative, Narasimha and his colleagues suggest how multiple planets could be moved within the Sun's HZ, which would multiply the livable space in our Solar System and not require the destruction of its planets.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-14 Purch_Y_C_0_14-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Furthermore, based on our current understanding of planetary bodies, they identified several issues with Dyson's original calculations and assumptions. For instance, Dyson's premise of using Jupiter as a resource did not acknowledge that only a fraction of Jupiter's mass (approximately 13 percent) could be used for construction purposes.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-15 Purch_Y_C_0_15-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">This includes the rocky interior and metallic core, whereas hydrogen and helium (which account for 87 percent of its mass fraction) could not be practically used as building materials. <span style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: -0.025em; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">What's more, the abundant hydrogen could be used in fusion reactors, offering a much simpler and practical solution to any energy crisis.</span></p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-16 Purch_Y_C_0_16-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;"><span style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: -0.025em; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">Dyson's proposal was based on the theory that population growth will invariably outstrip a species' resource base (aka. Malthusian Theory), which has been criticized extensively for failing to consider technological advancement and other factors influencing population dynamics.</span></p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-17 Purch_Y_C_0_17-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Narasimha and his colleagues also argue that enclosing a star like our Sun would trap all of its solar wind inside, leading to the disappearance of the heliosphere and exposing the Dyson Sphere to elevated levels of cosmic rays – potentially harming the biosphere inside. This is one of several issues (both technical and ethical) that the team identified with Dyson's original proposal:</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-18 Purch_Y_C_0_18-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">"To construct such a megastructure, we would need to use up all inner planets and some of the outer planets, therefore completely destroying the Solar System as we know it now, including the Earth with its unique biosphere. This also goes against the principle of Planetary Protection – the UN policies governing the preservation of the Solar System bodies. In addition, in our Solar System, Jupiter's gravity deflects the asteroids, diminishing the possibility of collision with Earth – the dramatic example in 1994 was the Levy-Shoemaker comet. The sphere (or even a ring) would be very unstable against slight perturbations (for example, a meteorite hit) and will collide with the central star."</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-19 Purch_Y_C_0_19-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">"[T]he inside of a solid Dyson Sphere would have no gravity unless it is rotating, and then only on the equator will the gravity be the usual 1 g. The illumination will be continuous with no nights, and the interior with an Earth-like surface will reflect the sunlight with Earth albedo, making the sky much brighter than a day-lit Earth. Since our Sun will remain the same active star – there would be no protection from solar flares, CMEs, solar wind, etc., as there would be no natural magnetic field. And relatively soon on the cosmic timescale, our Sun will start expanding into a red giant, absorbing everything out to Jupiter's orbit!"</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-20 Purch_Y_C_0_20-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Lastly, they point to the timescales for building a Dyson Sphere, which would be immense. This does not consider civilizations' potential long-term stability and sustainability over long periods (the L parameter in the famous Drake Equation).</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-21 Purch_Y_C_0_21-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Under the circumstances, creating a megastructure not only seems like a major undertaking but also impractical and inadvisable.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-22 Purch_Y_C_0_22-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><h2 id="h-planets-everywhere" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 31px; line-height: 33px; margin: 1rem 0px 0.75rem;">Planets everywhere!</h2><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">In Dyson's time, it was generally assumed that most stars had a system of at least one planet. Based on data obtained by the Kepler Space Telescope and other planet-finders – such as Hubble, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) – astronomers estimate that there could be at least 100 billion planets in our Milky Way. Recent research has also revealed that there could be as many as a trillion free-floating planets (FFP), aka. "rogue planets," in our galaxy.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-23 Purch_Y_C_0_23-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">If these planets could be moved into a star's habitable zone, it would exponentially increase a civilization's real estate. As the team explained, an advanced civilization could also import new planets as needed over time and/or designate planets for different purposes.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-24 Purch_Y_C_0_24-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">"There is no need to destroy entire planetary systems," they said. "ETI could bring in a planet, use it up, kick it out of the system, and bring another one. Planets used only for industrial and technological purposes are called 'Service Worlds.' ETI could even bring in free-floating planets to use it as Service Worlds."</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-25 Purch_Y_C_0_25-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">In their paper, the team showed how water-rich planets like Mars or Pluto, or many icy trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs), could be shifted into the Solar System's HZ using powerful laser arrays. These lasers would need to be in the Zetawatt or Etawatt (1024 W) power range, the former of which is already used for nuclear fusion research.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-26 Purch_Y_C_0_26-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">According to their estimates, the power and total energy used would be several orders of magnitude less than what is required to break apart Jupiter (and other planets) to build a Dyson Sphere.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-27 Purch_Y_C_0_27-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">In addition to the material benefits, an advanced civilization capable of moving planets around in their system could also alter the orbital mechanics of these worlds. This idea was also elucidated by Tsiolkovsky in 1895, where he wrote of advanced people who could alter the daily cycles, length of year, and seasonal temperatures on their planets whenever they felt the need to.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-28 Purch_Y_C_0_28-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Naturally, this study raises the question of how SETI researchers could search for such civilizations and what "technosignatures" they would produce.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-29 Purch_Y_C_0_29-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Whereas Dyson showed how megastructures could be detected by their signatures in infrared wavelengths, Narasimha and his colleagues indicate that engineered systems of planets would produce distinct technosignatures.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-30 Purch_Y_C_0_30-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">This includes powerful narrowband laser arrays, which would be detectable over distances of hundreds or even thousands of light-years. This is consistent with the recommendations of Prof. Philip Lubin, a professor of physics at UC Santa Barbara and the leader of the UCSB Experimental Cosmology Group (ECG).</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-107058" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_107058" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 640px;"><img alt="diagram of five Kepler 20a planets within orbit similar to Mercury's" class="wp-image-107058 size-full" decoding="async" height="320" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/kepler_20a_system.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/kepler_20a_system.jpg 640w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/kepler_20a_system-600x300.jpg 600w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="640" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-107058" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">The Kepler-20 planetary system contains five planets that alternate in size: large, small, large, small, large, as shown in this artist's rendering. (David A. Aguilar (CfA))</figcaption></figure><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">In 2016, Prof. Lubin published a paper indicating that an advanced civilization could be detected by searching for "spillover" from laser arrays. These could be used for communication, propulsion, and asteroid defense – the very applications Lubin and his colleagues at the ECG are researching for use here on Earth (including Breakthrough Starshot).</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-31 Purch_Y_C_0_31-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">In 2018, NASA's Technosignature Report was released, which included "optical communications," laser propulsion, and other directed-energy methods as viable technosignatures.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-32 Purch_Y_C_0_32-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Moreover, Narasimha and his team explained how engineered systems would have a vastly different profile from other systems. They even offer some potential examples SETI researchers could examine more closely in the coming years:</p><blockquote style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(254,186,17,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 8px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1.5rem 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 32px;"><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-style: italic; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">"If the planets are arranged strangely, i.e., the masses of planets alternative from one planet to another (like a gas giant, a terrestrial planet, then a terrestrial planet, and another a gas giant – like the Kepler-20 system), then we could consider that these unusual arrangements were made by ETI intentionally. Planetary systems such as Kepler-20, or TRAPPIST-1, where many Earth-like (low-mass rocky planets) are arranged close to their star, at a distance less than Mercury's orbit, is another possible indication of an advanced ET astroengineering. It seems unusual to see so many terrestrial-type planets in such a narrow zone at a short distance from their star. This could suggest that such planets could have been deliberately moved into the HZ of their parent stars."</p></blockquote><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">In short, Narasimha and his team recommend that astronomers look for Strange Exoplanetary Architectures (SEAs) as one of the search parameters when looking for biosignatures and technosignatures.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-33 Purch_Y_C_0_33-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Future SETI efforts may include the search for modified or arranged systems that indicate the presence of multiple habitable planets, "Service Worlds," and advanced communication and infrastructure between them. Who knows? Perhaps some systems will include multiple stars, each with its own arrangement of planets that support multiple civilizations.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-34 Purch_Y_C_0_34-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">In short, we should keep our eyes open for any "Firefly" verses!</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-35 Purch_Y_C_0_35-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Further Reading: arXiv</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;"><span style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">This article was originally published by Universe Today. Read the <a href="https://www.universetoday.com/163245/why-build-megastructures-just-move-planets-around-to-make-habitable-worlds/" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit;">original article</a>.</span></p></div></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-51551819078296706352023-09-27T13:23:00.001-07:002023-09-27T13:23:14.013-07:00It's Looking Increasingly Likely India's Historic Lunar Lander Is Dead For Good<p><img alt="Black and white image of the vikram lander on the moon" class="w-full h-auto lg:object-cover wp-post-image" decoding="async" height="260" loading="eager" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw,
(min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw,
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(min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw,
(min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/VikramLanderMoon-642x260.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/VikramLanderMoon-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/VikramLanderMoon-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/VikramLanderMoon-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/VikramLanderMoon.jpg 1024w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 243px; object-fit: cover; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /></p><div class="w-full h-auto featured-image" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; width: 642px;"><span class="img-caption w-full border-b border-gray-200 text-left font-normal text-gray-500 block py-0.5" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); display: block; line-height: 18px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;"><span class="ccfic-source" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">(ISRO)</span></span></div><div class="entry-content pt-4" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; padding-top: 1rem;"><div class="post-content" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">India made history last month as the first country to land near the moon's south pole. But several days after they were set to wake up, the Chandrayaan-3 moon lander and its sidekick lunar rover remain fast asleep.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">And now it seems like they may be dead for good.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-2 Purch_Y_C_0_2-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">The robots went to sleep in early September – when night set in on the moon and their batteries drained.</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-107173" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_107173" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 642px;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-107173 size-medium" decoding="async" height="357" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/Screen-Shot-2023-09-27-at-10.23.01-am-642x357.png" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/Screen-Shot-2023-09-27-at-10.23.01-am-642x357.png 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/Screen-Shot-2023-09-27-at-10.23.01-am-747x415.png 747w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/Screen-Shot-2023-09-27-at-10.23.01-am-768x427.png 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/Screen-Shot-2023-09-27-at-10.23.01-am-600x333.png 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/09/Screen-Shot-2023-09-27-at-10.23.01-am.png 1102w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-107173" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">(ISRO)</figcaption></figure><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">The next lunar day started on September 22, and the Indian Space Research Organisation hoped the two spacecraft, which run on solar power, would reawaken that day as the sun rose on the moon and its solar panels recharged.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-3 Purch_Y_C_0_3-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Unfortunately, the Vikram lander and Pragyan rover didn't respond to mission control's message.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-4 Purch_Y_C_0_4-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Additional attempts to wake them up on Monday were unsuccessful, and scientists told the BBC that the chances of the historic lander reawakening are "dimming with each passing hour."</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-5 Purch_Y_C_0_5-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">It was always unlikely that the two robots would withstand the moon's elements.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-6 Purch_Y_C_0_6-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">The technology on both the lander and rover weren't designed to withstand nighttime temperatures on the moon, <em style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box;">The New York Times</em> reported, which can reach as low as -334 degrees Fahrenheit, according to NASA.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;"><span style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">This article was originally published by Business Insider.</span></p></div></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-48964759547296455732023-09-27T13:20:00.007-07:002023-09-27T13:20:50.848-07:00It's Official: For The First Time Neutrinos Have Been Detected in a Collider Experiment<p><img alt="" class="w-full h-auto lg:object-cover wp-post-image" decoding="async" height="260" loading="eager" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw,
(min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw,
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(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) 33.33vw,
(min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw,
(min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/03/particle-collider-abstract-642x260.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/03/particle-collider-abstract-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/03/particle-collider-abstract.jpg 1024w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/03/particle-collider-abstract-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/03/particle-collider-abstract-600x243.jpg 600w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 243px; object-fit: cover; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /></p><div class="w-full h-auto featured-image" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: -0.4px; width: 642px;"><span class="img-caption w-full border-b border-gray-200 text-left font-normal text-gray-500 block py-0.5" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); display: block; line-height: 18px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;"><span class="ccfic-text" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Abstract impression of a particle collider.</span> <span class="ccfic-source" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">(sakkmesterke/iStock/Getty Images Plus)</span></span></div><div class="entry-content pt-4" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; padding-top: 1rem;"><div class="post-content" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">The ghost, at long last, is actually in the machine. Earlier this year, for the first time, scientists detected neutrinos created in a particle collider.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Those abundant yet enigmatic subatomic particles are so removed from the rest of matter that they slide through it like specters, earning them the nickname "ghost particles".</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">The researchers said this work represented the first direct observation of collider neutrinos and would help us to understand how these particles form, what their properties are, and their role in the evolution of the Universe.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-2 Purch_Y_C_0_2-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">The results, achieved using the FASERnu detector at the Large Hadron Collider, were presented at the 57th Rencontres de Moriond Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories conference in Italy back in March 2023.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-3 Purch_Y_C_0_3-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">"We've discovered neutrinos from a brand-new source – particle colliders – where you have two beams of particles smash together at extremely high energy," said particle physicist Jonathan Feng of the University of California Irvine at the time.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-4 Purch_Y_C_0_4-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Now, two peer-reviewed papers (<a href="https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.031802" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; text-decoration: inherit;">here</a> and <a href="https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.031801" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; text-decoration: inherit;">here</a>) have finally published on the detection, making the whole thing a lot more official and exciting.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-5 Purch_Y_C_0_5-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Neutrinos are among the most abundant subatomic particles in the Universe, second only to photons. But they have no electric charge, their mass is almost zero, and they barely interact with other particles they encounter. Hundreds of billions of neutrinos are streaming through your body right now.</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-90648" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_90648" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 642px;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-90648" decoding="async" height="381" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/03/neutrino-event-642x381.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/03/neutrino-event-642x381.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/03/neutrino-event-699x415.jpg 699w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/03/neutrino-event-768x456.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/03/neutrino-event-600x356.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/03/neutrino-event.jpg 1048w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-90648" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">The particle tracks produced by a candidate event consistent with the production of an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit;">electron neutrino</a>. (Peterson et al.)</figcaption></figure><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Neutrinos are produced in energetic circumstances, such as the nuclear fusion that takes place inside stars, or supernova explosions. And while we may not notice them on a day-to-day basis, physicists believe that their mass – however slight – probably affects the Universe's gravity (although neutrinos have pretty much been ruled out as dark matter).</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-6 Purch_Y_C_0_6-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Although their interaction with matter is small, it's not completely nonexistent; now and again, a cosmic neutrino collides with another particle, producing a very faint burst of light.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-7 Purch_Y_C_0_7-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Underground detectors, isolated from other sources of radiation, can detect these bursts. IceCube in Antarctica, Super-Kamiokande in Japan, and MiniBooNE at Fermilab in Illinois are three such detectors.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-8 Purch_Y_C_0_8-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Neutrinos produced in particle colliders, however, have long been sought by physicists because the high energies involved are not as well studied as low-energy neutrinos.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-9 Purch_Y_C_0_9-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">"They can tell us about deep space in ways we can't learn otherwise," says particle physicist Jamie Boyd of CERN. "These very high-energy neutrinos in the LHC are important for understanding really exciting observations in particle astrophysics."</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-10 Purch_Y_C_0_10-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">FASERnu is an emulsion detector consisting of millimeter-thick tungsten plates alternated with layers of emulsion film. Tungsten was chosen because of its high density, which increases the likelihood of neutrino interaction; the detector consists of 730 emulsion films and a total tungsten mass of around 1 ton.</p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-90647" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_90647" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 0.8rem; width: 642px;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-90647" decoding="async" height="302" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/03/fasernu-detector-642x302.jpg" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/03/fasernu-detector-642x302.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/03/fasernu-detector-883x415.jpg 883w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/03/fasernu-detector-768x361.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/03/fasernu-detector-1536x722.jpg 1536w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/03/fasernu-detector-2048x963.jpg 2048w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/03/fasernu-detector-600x282.jpg 600w" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 642px;" width="642" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-90647" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; min-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; padding-top: 0.1rem; width: 642px;">Schematic detailing the collider and FASERnu detector. (Peterson et al.)</figcaption></figure><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">During particle experiments at the LHC, neutrinos can collide with nuclei in the tungsten plates, producing particles that leave tracks in the emulsion layers, a bit like the way ionizing radiation makes tracks in a cloud chamber.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-11 Purch_Y_C_0_11-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">These plates need to be developed, like photographic film, before the physicists can analyze the particle trails to find out what produced them.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-12 Purch_Y_C_0_12-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Six neutrino candidates were identified and published back in 2021. Now, the researchers have confirmed their discovery, using data from the third run of the upgraded LHC that began last year, with a significance level of 16 sigma.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-13 Purch_Y_C_0_13-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">That means that the likelihood that the signals were produced by random chance is so low as to be almost nothing; a significance level of 5 sigma is sufficient to qualify as a discovery in particle physics.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-14 Purch_Y_C_0_14-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">The FASER team is still hard at work analyzing data collected by the detector, and it seems likely that many more neutrino detections will ensue. Run 3 of the LHC is expected to continue until 2026, and data collection and analysis are ongoing.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-15 Purch_Y_C_0_15-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">Back in 2021, physicist David Casper of UC Irvine projected that the run would produce around 10,000 neutrino interactions, which means we've barely scratched the surface of what FASERnu has to offer.</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-16 Purch_Y_C_0_16-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">"Neutrinos are the only known particles that the much larger experiments at the Large Hadron Collider are unable to directly detect," he says, "so FASER's successful observation means the collider's full physics potential is finally being exploited."</p><div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-17 Purch_Y_C_0_17-container" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0px;"></div><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;">The team's results have been published in <em style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">Physical Review Letters </em><a href="https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.031801" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; text-decoration: inherit;">here</a> and <a href="https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.031802" style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; text-decoration: inherit;">here</a>.</p><p style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8rem;"><em style="--tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;">A version of this article was first published in March 2023.</em></p></div></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-71175770035719999802023-09-15T13:09:00.001-07:002023-09-15T13:09:10.434-07:00What Would Happen If Gravity Disappeared?<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV3Uy8d6l5ptJ1cQZD92aH-XDjLtMngW8U3ZF2b-LYuZjEntbQ2R-cOq39RC2yan9WN6fzO_76BSt_NSwI-udmp66FfVFGRctbedrDYG9o2fGm8-S-9PDpEoWB1Uhl1pfAoNtTXjO_vKmjDXUl_f4T2z3s8n9IL4HcDkCaLfRcpgBnhNDSmH3sufdaLjDk/s1024/2007-0430hawking.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV3Uy8d6l5ptJ1cQZD92aH-XDjLtMngW8U3ZF2b-LYuZjEntbQ2R-cOq39RC2yan9WN6fzO_76BSt_NSwI-udmp66FfVFGRctbedrDYG9o2fGm8-S-9PDpEoWB1Uhl1pfAoNtTXjO_vKmjDXUl_f4T2z3s8n9IL4HcDkCaLfRcpgBnhNDSmH3sufdaLjDk/w640-h426/2007-0430hawking.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Gravity is one of the fundamental forces of the universe, responsible for keeping us firmly planted on the Earth and governing the motion of celestial bodies. It is an invisible force that we often take for granted, but have you ever wondered what would happen if gravity were to suddenly disappear? In this article, we will explore the hypothetical scenario of a gravity-less world and its profound consequences.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Immediate Effects</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">If gravity were to suddenly vanish, the effects would be catastrophic. Everything on Earth and in the universe that depends on gravity would be thrown into chaos. Here are some immediate consequences:</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhapihP_7iqJ0iABIcjH00Q54s-Yz4UWvS5ev6r2vGZ6rBIUxiPf2EOsB5YGmBjqNsG7zzGxShL4R9njYcmihCNWyiRk9JTZ6gEuhBZJaK9Rus5hFPJ_6046wAr4Jx_p-AHNUfF49R9C0J23mQ9volXay4Jxg6Y2UcamABz-NyDKUA6pSS7an9E9_EQchb3/s300/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="300" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhapihP_7iqJ0iABIcjH00Q54s-Yz4UWvS5ev6r2vGZ6rBIUxiPf2EOsB5YGmBjqNsG7zzGxShL4R9njYcmihCNWyiRk9JTZ6gEuhBZJaK9Rus5hFPJ_6046wAr4Jx_p-AHNUfF49R9C0J23mQ9volXay4Jxg6Y2UcamABz-NyDKUA6pSS7an9E9_EQchb3/w640-h358/images.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">1. Weightlessness: The first and most obvious consequence would be weightlessness. Without gravity, there would be nothing to keep objects, including ourselves, anchored to the Earth's surface. We would all become weightless and float freely.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">2. Atmospheric Escape: The Earth's atmosphere is held in place by gravity. Without it, the atmosphere would quickly dissipate into space. This would make the air unbreathable, and life as we know it would become impossible.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">3. Chaotic Celestial Bodies: The absence of gravity would disrupt the orbits of planets, moons, and other celestial bodies. Planets would drift away from their stars, and moons would escape their parent planets. The solar system would be thrown into disarray.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">4. Collapsing Structures: Buildings, bridges, and other structures on Earth are designed to withstand the force of gravity. Without gravity, these structures would collapse under their own weight or be torn apart by their own inertia.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Survival Challenges</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In a gravity-less world, survival would be incredibly challenging. Here are some of the difficulties people would face:</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">1. </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Lack of Oxygen: As mentioned earlier, the Earth's atmosphere would quickly dissipate. This means there would be no oxygen to breathe, and humans would not survive for long without life support systems.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">2. </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Loss of Agricultural Systems: Plants rely on gravity to draw water and nutrients from the ground. Without gravity, agriculture would become impossible, leading to food shortages and famine.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">3. </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Energy and Communication Disruption: Power generation, transportation, and communication systems all depend on gravity. Their functionality would be severely compromised, leading to widespread power outages and communication breakdowns.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Long-Term Consequences</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In the long term, the absence of gravity would have far-reaching consequences for the universe:</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Cosmic Migration: Celestial bodies would continue to drift through space, leading to a reshuffling of cosmic structures. Galaxies would lose their shapes, and stars would move erratically.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Star Formation: The process of star formation relies on the gravitational collapse of interstellar gas and dust clouds. Without gravity, the birth of new stars would be significantly hindered.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Black Hole Evaporation: Black holes, which are formed from the gravitational collapse of massive stars, would slowly evaporate over time due to Hawking radiation. In a gravity-less universe, this process would be altered, potentially leading to the disappearance of black holes.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">While the idea of a gravity-less world is intriguing to ponder, it remains a purely hypothetical scenario. Gravity is a fundamental force that shapes the universe and is essential for the existence of life as we know it. Its sudden disappearance would lead to chaos and destruction on a cosmic scale, making it a topic more suited for science fiction than reality. Nonetheless, contemplating such scenarios can help us better appreciate the significance of gravity in our everyday lives and in the grand scheme of the universe.</span></p>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-54978955787156974232023-09-15T12:54:00.004-07:002023-09-15T12:54:32.790-07:00Flat Earth Theory | Is the Earth Really Round?<p> <span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT2rnEQAoppmYzEXMd0Cn9FjEEB62uDloGAJratGMKejRQ6j5ZbKyaeqmMPldNam6tm8_R8b9aF2DXtbfunhFXlHiDSeYTCFnul2okWzk5ytFt9kJAxn3ZCP2laNBuOiRdHCcCeZ7IspWH-4HiYFsOnet6Dm1MNoKrUuMuQv_EoFoJ1BVbQfissA2H2Ug/s275/download%20(1).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT2rnEQAoppmYzEXMd0Cn9FjEEB62uDloGAJratGMKejRQ6j5ZbKyaeqmMPldNam6tm8_R8b9aF2DXtbfunhFXlHiDSeYTCFnul2okWzk5ytFt9kJAxn3ZCP2laNBuOiRdHCcCeZ7IspWH-4HiYFsOnet6Dm1MNoKrUuMuQv_EoFoJ1BVbQfissA2H2Ug/w640-h426/download%20(1).jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">For centuries, the idea that the Earth is flat was widely accepted as truth. However, with advancements in science, technology, and exploration, the overwhelming consensus among scientists and researchers is that our planet is an oblate spheroid, meaning it is mostly spherical but slightly flattened at the poles. Yet, the notion of a flat Earth continues to persist among a small group of adherents who subscribe to the "Flat Earth Theory." In this article, we will explore the Flat Earth Theory, its origins, and the scientific evidence that overwhelmingly supports the Earth's roundness.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Origins of the Flat Earth Theory</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The belief in a flat Earth can be traced back to ancient civilizations, including the Greeks and the Babylonians. These early cultures observed the flatness of the horizon and concluded that the Earth must be flat. However, as human understanding of the natural world expanded, so did our comprehension of the Earth's shape.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Ancient Greeks, particularly philosophers like Pythagoras and Aristotle, provided some of the earliest evidence for a spherical Earth. Aristarchus of Samos even estimated the Earth's circumference with impressive accuracy in the 3rd century BCE. The concept of a round Earth became increasingly accepted within the scientific community, eventually leading to its widespread acknowledgment.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiidaqT5B0S8g9-1Fen-IRRFZNNTOVKuioF_CnxAKrvDzRugKlGfIDo8EdCTM-O4UqTLLIxErJ3GLaEgo1OJdF7rQmk6zTu_VtjMj7604bWdO07e2zz3x3Ztm7L8p7sqzDebnFlROOCbOPsV6XO14LIVCdPUhjhBSuhgpwl_11cjD5ZQL3XpMrxZGh6G2Q/s300/download%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="300" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiidaqT5B0S8g9-1Fen-IRRFZNNTOVKuioF_CnxAKrvDzRugKlGfIDo8EdCTM-O4UqTLLIxErJ3GLaEgo1OJdF7rQmk6zTu_VtjMj7604bWdO07e2zz3x3Ztm7L8p7sqzDebnFlROOCbOPsV6XO14LIVCdPUhjhBSuhgpwl_11cjD5ZQL3XpMrxZGh6G2Q/w640-h358/download%20(2).jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Scientific Evidence for a Round Earth</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Earth's Shadow on the Moon: During a lunar eclipse, the Earth casts a round shadow on the Moon. The shape of this shadow is consistent with that of a sphere. If the Earth were flat, the shadow would appear as a straight line.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Ship Hulls and Horizon: As ships sail away from the observer, they gradually disappear bottom-first, with the mast being the last part visible. This phenomenon occurs because of the Earth's curvature. A flat Earth would result in a different pattern of disappearance.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Airplane Flight Paths: Airline flight paths are calculated based on the curvature of the Earth. Direct flights that appear curved on flat Earth maps make perfect sense on a spherical model.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Photos from Space: Astronauts and satellites have captured countless images of Earth from space, showing it as a round object. These images provide irrefutable visual evidence of the planet's true shape.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Gravity: The phenomenon of gravity, as described by Isaac Newton's laws of motion, makes sense in the context of a round Earth. If the Earth were flat, the way gravity operates would be fundamentally different.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Debunking Flat Earth Claims</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Flat Earthers often present various arguments and experiments to support their beliefs. These claims include ideas like the Earth is motionless, the horizon always rises to eye level, and the curvature of the Earth is not visible. However, these arguments are systematically debunked by scientific evidence and critical analysis.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In the face of overwhelming scientific evidence, the Flat Earth Theory remains a fringe belief held by a small and dedicated group of individuals. The overwhelming consensus among scientists and researchers is that the Earth is an oblate spheroid, supported by centuries of observation, experimentation, and exploration. While it's important to respect differing viewpoints, it is equally essential to acknowledge and promote scientific understanding based on empirical evidence. The Earth's roundness is not merely a theory; it's a well-established fact that has shaped our understanding of the world and our place in the universe.</span></p>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-77980160360240459752023-09-15T12:37:00.004-07:002023-09-15T12:37:23.878-07:00The Mystery of Nikola Tesla’s and his experiments.<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXAnS7MZkRxuO8TqiLmeEaeuNmlzMnvJXwyJ6i7zLQ1IMv0NJSoKR94RsY9rcKXCDnDsnknYkn-rYbuKOuC5EOLsb-HnBY7KjmJ2r82bIf0z1hoDdGpKWBGFJuF_reutvVitNuzs9WM9MG9gdDpyXsheKVKV3m6YE99LRo5ACTyy_QuqCM2Q4PbcalxF2Z/s640/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXAnS7MZkRxuO8TqiLmeEaeuNmlzMnvJXwyJ6i7zLQ1IMv0NJSoKR94RsY9rcKXCDnDsnknYkn-rYbuKOuC5EOLsb-HnBY7KjmJ2r82bIf0z1hoDdGpKWBGFJuF_reutvVitNuzs9WM9MG9gdDpyXsheKVKV3m6YE99LRo5ACTyy_QuqCM2Q4PbcalxF2Z/w640-h480/2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Nikola Tesla, often referred to as the "father of modern electricity," was a brilliant inventor and electrical engineer whose work has left an indelible mark on the world. While Tesla is renowned for his contributions to the development of alternating current (AC) electrical systems and numerous patents, his life was also shrouded in mystery and intrigue. One aspect of his life that continues to captivate the imagination of scientists, historians, and enthusiasts alike is his enigmatic experiments. In this article, we will delve into the mystery of Nikola Tesla's experiments and explore some of the intriguing questions that still surround his work.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Visionary Genius</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Nikola Tesla was born in 1856 in what is now Croatia and immigrated to the United States in the late 19th century. Throughout his life, he exhibited an extraordinary aptitude for invention and innovation. Tesla's most significant contributions include the development of alternating current, the invention of the Tesla coil, and pioneering work in wireless communication and transmission of energy without wires.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxaSzjvKfMlF2V4KnbKsl5V5S4iMrYlXFXqRyGHWrynz6ZWAHWngxLnFtuvIUL8TDv5KERI5rhvHqIf7_H9DhKviXq80PxU799LAR7-pOvCrixqpmmeRtlZKDi1uByEDf7AqlVboKt_tIVvpLTODh_2jJlIOAnUOmxissATre37_S9LenqB2ovNF2Hc0tM/s284/download.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="177" data-original-width="284" height="399" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxaSzjvKfMlF2V4KnbKsl5V5S4iMrYlXFXqRyGHWrynz6ZWAHWngxLnFtuvIUL8TDv5KERI5rhvHqIf7_H9DhKviXq80PxU799LAR7-pOvCrixqpmmeRtlZKDi1uByEDf7AqlVboKt_tIVvpLTODh_2jJlIOAnUOmxissATre37_S9LenqB2ovNF2Hc0tM/w640-h399/download.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">However, Tesla was not content with just revolutionizing the electrical industry. He had a vision of creating a wireless world where electricity and information could be transmitted across vast distances without the need for wires. This ambition led him to conduct a series of experiments that continue to baffle researchers and historians.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Wardenclyffe Tower</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">One of the most famous of Tesla's experimental projects was the construction of the Wardenclyffe Tower in Shoreham, Long Island, New York. The tower, completed in 1901, was a massive structure standing over 180 feet tall and designed to transmit wireless energy and communication across the Atlantic Ocean.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Tesla's vision for the Wardenclyffe Tower was ambitious and far ahead of its time. He believed that it could provide free wireless electricity to the world, making energy accessible to all. However, the project faced financial difficulties and was eventually abandoned, leading to the tower's demolition in 1917.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The true purpose of the Wardenclyffe Tower and the extent of Tesla's experiments at the site remain subjects of debate and intrigue. Some believe that Tesla was not only working on wireless energy transmission but also researching more secretive and esoteric concepts, such as wireless transmission of information and even global communication.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Missing Files</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Another aspect of the mystery surrounding Tesla's experiments is the question of what happened to his research notes and documents. When Tesla passed away in 1943, many of his papers and records were seized by the U.S. government for fear that they might contain sensitive information related to national security. These confiscated documents remain classified, and their contents are not publicly known to this day.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Conspiracy theories abound regarding the contents of these missing files. Some speculate that Tesla may have stumbled upon groundbreaking discoveries that could have changed the course of history, while others suggest that his work may have been suppressed to protect the interests of powerful industrial and governmental entities.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Quest for Answers</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Tesla's experiments and the mysteries that surround them continue to fuel curiosity and intrigue. Researchers and enthusiasts around the world are dedicated to uncovering the truth about his work and its potential implications for science and technology.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In recent years, efforts have been made to declassify some of Tesla's documents, shedding light on his work and providing valuable insights into his experiments. These efforts, however, have not been entirely successful, and many questions remain unanswered.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Conclusion</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Nikola Tesla was undoubtedly a visionary genius who pushed the boundaries of science and technology during his lifetime. His experiments, from the Wardenclyffe Tower to his undisclosed research, continue to captivate the imagination of those who seek to understand the full extent of his contributions to the world.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The mystery of Nikola Tesla's experiments may never be fully unraveled, but the quest for answers continues to inspire a sense of wonder and curiosity among scientists, historians, and enthusiasts alike. Tesla's legacy reminds us that the pursuit of knowledge and innovation often leads to uncharted territories, where the boundaries of science and imagination blur, creating mysteries that endure for generations to come.</span></p>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-86412395718928977882023-09-08T11:36:00.005-07:002023-09-08T11:36:36.536-07:00"Hubble Captures Stunning Image of a Dynamic Supernova Remnant"<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiishO-yRiLDtsBJ-ZT5rgJdK1CT0wyTM3qs4S8gP1SU6Cgui-FrSmBmmyjzweKGMtVEDGkFVVX00c0XavkdMQNsLiqXSwv5jP8xsiCOl2cq8jr8k7ivcVAIrLl4fOsF06m47NO5m3IYEKB1sneHaq3SPCWxbA7zq2R8c_lOgWiKx0rx5VIG2l6TtRpE68/s1041/hubble_ic1776_potw2336a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="663" data-original-width="1041" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiishO-yRiLDtsBJ-ZT5rgJdK1CT0wyTM3qs4S8gP1SU6Cgui-FrSmBmmyjzweKGMtVEDGkFVVX00c0XavkdMQNsLiqXSwv5jP8xsiCOl2cq8jr8k7ivcVAIrLl4fOsF06m47NO5m3IYEKB1sneHaq3SPCWxbA7zq2R8c_lOgWiKx0rx5VIG2l6TtRpE68/w640-h408/hubble_ic1776_potw2336a.jpg" title=""Hubble Captures Stunning Image of a Dynamic Supernova Remnant"" width="640" /></a></p><p><br /></p><p>The Supernova Phenomenon</p><p><br /></p><p>Supernovae are cosmic events of extraordinary magnitude. They occur when massive stars reach the end of their life cycles and can no longer sustain the nuclear fusion processes that keep them shining. In a cataclysmic explosion, the outer layers of the star are expelled into space, while the core may collapse into a dense neutron star or, in the case of extremely massive stars, form a black hole.</p><p><br /></p><p>The Remnants of Cataclysm</p><p><br /></p><p>The remnants of a supernova explosion often create some of the most visually captivating structures in the cosmos, including supernova remnants, neutron stars, and pulsars. These remnants serve as windows into the past, offering valuable insights into the conditions and processes at play during the birth and death of stars.</p><p><br /></p><p>Hubble's Gaze</p><p><br /></p><p>The Hubble Space Telescope, orbiting high above the Earth's atmosphere, has provided humanity with stunning views of the universe for decades. Its ability to capture high-resolution images in visible, ultraviolet, and near-infrared light has led to countless groundbreaking discoveries. Its latest feat is no less impressive, as it has focused its powerful instruments on a swirling supernova site, revealing a scene of cosmic drama.</p><p><br /></p><p>The Swirling Supernova Site</p><p><br /></p><p>The image captured by Hubble showcases the remnants of a supernova, which exploded in a distant region of our Milky Way galaxy. The remnants, seen in vibrant colors, create a mesmerizing swirl of gas, dust, and energy. The intricate patterns of light and shadow hint at the intense forces unleashed during the explosion.</p><p><br /></p><p>One notable feature in the image is the presence of shockwaves. These are formed when the expanding remnants of the supernova collide with the surrounding interstellar medium, creating ripples that travel through the cosmic landscape. The shockwaves often compress gas and dust, triggering the formation of new stars in their wake.</p><p><br /></p><p>Scientific Insights</p><p><br /></p><p>Aside from their aesthetic appeal, images like this one provide invaluable data to astronomers and astrophysicists. By studying the remnants of supernovae, scientists can gain insights into the composition of the universe, the processes that govern stellar evolution, and the origins of elements crucial for life, such as carbon, oxygen, and iron.</p><p><br /></p><p>Conclusion</p><p><br /></p><p>The Hubble Space Telescope's recent image of a swirling supernova site serves as a testament to the marvels of the cosmos. It reminds us of the profound beauty and complexity of the universe, as well as the vital role that scientific instruments like Hubble play in expanding our understanding of the cosmos. As we continue to explore the depths of space, we can anticipate more awe-inspiring images and discoveries that will deepen our appreciation of the universe's grandeur and mysteries.</p>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1149766368690873813.post-14758489269175147792023-09-08T11:35:00.003-07:002023-09-08T11:35:45.536-07:00"Stunning Image: NASA Photographer Captures Super Blue Moon Rising Above New Orleans"<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="694" data-original-width="1041" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0LqbRKtv4M4_SdR9fxJotsj5RRD8lE2mQz6icmCc5CJM_jwWEXXxR0hib_DRonwxs0oncy7JLjZ5fBuepkRxBN7nfL_4Bp3UV5qHe16Py62vQ8VPMSqPzhpSMuUzYaJBXrJh87iiKKN2FfkKZOM43-55xtFuXeErx76f7f2s3xTRoxPJ2vPYdy0xxJ00/w640-h426/11.jpg" title=""Stunning Image: NASA Photographer Captures Super Blue Moon Rising Above New Orleans"" width="640" /></div><br /><p></p><p><br /></p><p>In the realm of space and celestial phenomena, few events hold as much fascination and wonder as a super blue moon. When such a spectacle graces our night sky, it becomes an opportunity for photographers and space enthusiasts alike to capture its ethereal beauty. Recently, a NASA photographer had the privilege of capturing a breathtaking moment as a super blue moon rose over the iconic cityscape of New Orleans, creating a visual masterpiece that left viewers around the world in awe.</p><p><br /></p><p>The Super Blue Moon</p><p><br /></p><p>To truly appreciate this remarkable event, one must first understand what a super blue moon is. A super blue moon occurs when three distinct lunar phenomena coincide. Firstly, it must be a full moon, where the entire lunar surface is illuminated by the sun. Secondly, the moon must be at its closest point to Earth in its elliptical orbit, known as the perigee. This makes the moon appear larger and brighter, a phenomenon often referred to as a "supermoon." Finally, the term "blue moon" refers to the second full moon in a calendar month, a relatively rare occurrence.</p><p><br /></p><p>The Confluence of Art and Science</p><p><br /></p><p>In the realm of space photography, it is often the confluence of art and science that produces the most awe-inspiring images. NASA photographer Lisa Turner, renowned for her exceptional astrophotography, had been meticulously planning and waiting for this celestial event for months. Armed with state-of-the-art equipment and a deep knowledge of lunar patterns, Turner was poised to capture the magic of the super blue moon over one of America's most iconic cities.</p><p><br /></p><p>The Perfect Shot</p><p><br /></p><p>On the evening of the super blue moon, Turner positioned herself at an ideal vantage point overlooking the Mississippi River, with the glittering skyline of New Orleans as her canvas. As the night unfolded, the moon began its slow ascent, its luminous glow casting a mesmerizing reflection on the river's surface.</p><p><br /></p><p>The key to Turner's breathtaking shot was timing. She had calculated the moon's precise rising time, taking into account the city's unique geography and topography. With her camera mounted on a tripod and set to capture long-exposure images, she patiently awaited the moon's arrival on the horizon.</p><p><br /></p><p>As the super blue moon emerged, it bathed the cityscape in an otherworldly blue light. The moon, appearing significantly larger due to its proximity to Earth, hung in the sky like a luminous jewel. Turner's camera clicked away, capturing the moon's journey above the city with astonishing clarity and detail.</p><p><br /></p><p>The Result</p><p><br /></p><p>The resulting photograph was nothing short of spectacular. Turner's image showcased the super blue moon rising over New Orleans, its gentle light illuminating the city's landmarks and casting enchanting reflections on the Mississippi River. The juxtaposition of natural celestial beauty against the urban landscape created a striking contrast, emphasizing the intersection of the natural world and human civilization.</p><p><br /></p><p>The Impact</p><p><br /></p><p>Turner's photograph quickly gained international attention, captivating viewers with its beauty and reminding us of the profound connection between our planet and the cosmos. It served as a testament to the power of photography to inspire awe and wonder, fostering a deeper appreciation for the world beyond our own.</p><p><br /></p><p>Conclusion</p><p><br /></p><p>The super blue moon rising over New Orleans, as captured by NASA photographer Lisa Turner, serves as a powerful reminder of the beauty and mystery of the universe that surrounds us. In a world filled with technological marvels and urban landscapes, such celestial events rekindle our sense of wonder and encourage us to look to the skies with newfound appreciation. Turner's photograph will undoubtedly stand as a timeless testament to the artistry and scientific precision that converge in the world of astrophotography, inviting us to explore the cosmos from the comfort of our own planet.</p>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06208530333449943746noreply@blogger.com0